Intro. to Human Factors and Ergonomics (chapt.1) Flashcards
Abraham Maslow (Psychologist)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self actualization needs (full potential)
Esteem-Ego needs (self respect, personal worth, autonomy)
Love-Social needs (love, friendship, comradeship)
Safety-Security Needs (protection from danger)
Physiological Needs (warmth,shelter, food)
Douglas McGregor (Social Psychologist)
x-y theory the human side of enterprise a basic principle in developing positive management styles and techniques
-industrial democracy
Productive Mode
-Agricultural Society tools activities -Artisan Production -Pre industrial Production -Industrial Production/Mass Production methods
General Intro.
Delegation of the tasks during pre-industrial period factories and shops were getting bigger so product increase and mass production was organized.
The Process which we manufacture, produce capital (consumer products) every stage of labor and process.
Charlie Chapin Film
watch crying in the dark, modern times
Productivity was increasing workers were getting ill and had to work faster work environment was poor. Workers were treated like machines they had to do tasks very systematically and repetitively
Taylorism and Scientific management
Frederick W. Taylor Inventor (1856-1915)
- the principles of scientific management - Big Success in Bethlehem Steel after 2 yrs. achieved 200% increase in productivity with only 50% increase in wages .
-Ergonomics
the needs of LAW appeared in a Polish article published in 1857
(HFES)
accidents with military equipment were often blamed on human error, but investigations revealed that some were caused by poorly designed controls
improve work environment productivity safety comfort performance health
The principles of scientific Management
- replace rule of thumb work methods with methods based on scientific study of tasks
- scientifically select train, develop ea. worker rather than passively leaving them to be trained
-cooperate with workers to ensure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed including managers
- Cooperate managerial and workers
- performance results and execution
- break down the task into smaller units, timed
- remove worker discretion in lanning, organizing, controlling
- provide incentives to perform jobs tie pay to performance
Critics of Scientific Management
discrepency btwn how a organization should work versus actually behave
- labor/management conflict
- apathy
- boredom
- wasted human resources
- Taylorism views workers as machines
- Ignores individual differences
- Ignores the fact that the economic interests of workers and management are rarely the same
Human Relations Movement
-Depression
-World War I/II
(family structure was changing women were now working)
- Development of Psychology Frued
- Breakdown of Social structure by industrialization
- growing urbanization
Development of Human Factors Ergonomics
psychology sciences medicine engineering biomechanics sociology linguistics ethnology anthropology physiology
Elton Mayo
alienation stemmed from the breakdown of the social structures caused by industrialization, the factory system, and its related outcomes, like growing urbanization.
Ergonomics
first appeared in a polish article published in 1857 in world war 2 and aviation accidents with military equipment were often blamed on human error, but investigators revealed that some were caused by poorly designed controls. Modern ergonomics was born in United Kingdom july 12, 1949
Contemporary HF&E
design manufacturing safety and health accident evaluation injury prevention evaluation human computer interaction usability
