Life, Water, Amino Acids, Proteins

Question 1

What is the more complex of the cell types?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes

Enclosed organelles

Both have rhibosomes

Question 2

What causes hydrogen bonding?

Answer 2

Electronegativity difference (dipoles)

Question 3

What are the four weak forces?

Answer 3

1. Hydrogen Bonds
2. Van der Waals Forces
3. Hydrophobic Interactions
4. Electrostatic/Ionic Interactions

Question 4

Which atom pulls the electron cloud towards itself resulting in a partial charge and giving rise to a dipole?

Answer 4

The more electronegative atom

Question 5

Two atoms attract one another until they get too close

Answer 5

Van Der Waals foreces

Question 6

Any interactions where there is a charge differential leading to an attractive force

Answer 6

electrostatic interaction

Question 7

In an aqueous environment, non-polar molecules will gather together to reduce their surface area

Answer 7

Hydrophobic Interactions

Question 8

These are used as buffers

Answer 8

weak acids or weak bases

Question 9

proton donor

Answer 9

acid

Question 10

proton acceptor

Answer 10

base

Question 11

The _____ Ka is, the stronger the acid

Answer 11

larger

Question 12

The _____ pKa is, the stronger the acid

Answer 12

lower

Question 13

What is the equation for Ka?

Answer 13

HxA/HA

Question 14

What is the equation for pKa?

Answer 14

-logKa

Question 15

What is the equation for pH?

Answer 15

-log H

Question 16

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Answer 16

pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]

Question 17

R group is nonpolar

Answer 17

Hydrophobic/Nonpolar

Question 18

R group has electronegative atoms that are not charged at normal pH ranges

Answer 18

Polar-Neutral

Question 19

R group has electronegative atoms that are positively charged at physiological pH

Answer 19

Polar Charged/Positive

Question 20

R group has electronegative atoms that are negatively charged at physiological pH

Answer 20

Polar Charged/Negative

Question 21

What Amino Acid is this?

Polarity?

Answer 21

Glycine

Gly

G

Nonpolar

Question 22

What Amino Acid is this?

Polarity?

Answer 22

Alanine

Ala

A

Nonpolar

Question 23

What Amino Acid is this?

Polarity?

Answer 23

Valine

Val

V

Nonpolar

Question 24

What Amino Acid is this?

Polarity?

Answer 24

Leucine

Leu

L

Nonpolar

Question 25

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 25

Isoleucine Ile I Nonpolar

Question 26

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 26

Methionine Met M Nonpolar

Question 27

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 27

Proline Pro P Nonpolar

Question 28

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 28

Phenylalanine Phe F Nonpolar

Question 29

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 29

Tryptophan Trp W Nonpolar

Question 30

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 30

Serine Ser S Neutral Polar

Question 31

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 31

Threonine Thr T Neutral Polar

Question 32

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 32

Tyrosine Tyr Y Neutral Polar

Question 33

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 33

Cysteine Cys C Neutral Polar

Question 34

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 34

Asparagine Asn N Neutral Polar

Question 35

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 35

Glutamine Gln Q Neutral Polar

Question 36

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 36

Lysine Lys K Polar Positive

Question 37

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 37

Arginine Arg R Polar Positive

Question 38

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 38

Histidine His H Polar Positive

Question 39

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 39

Aspartic Acid Asp D Polar Negative

Question 40

What Amino Acid is this? Polarity?

Answer 40

Glutamate Glu E Polar Negative

Question 41

L is almost always \_\_and D is almost always \_\_

Answer 41

S, R

Question 42

What happens at conditions pH \<2?

Answer 42

H3N+ CO2H

Question 43

What happens at conditions pH ~6?

Answer 43

H3N CO2-

Question 44

What happens at conditions pH \>10?

Answer 44

H2N CO2-

Question 45

Simple linear structures that serve primarily as structural components in cells.

Answer 45

Fibrous proteins

Question 46

Roughly spherical with hydrophobic amino acids towards center and hydrophilic (polar) amino acids towards the outside

Answer 46

Globular proteins

Question 47

Found associated with membranes. Hydrophobic residues point outwards (to interact with hydrophobic lipid membrane) with hydrophobic inwards

Answer 47

Membrane proteins

Question 48

What configuration is this?

Answer 48

Staggered Anti

Question 49

What configuration is this?

Answer 49

Staggered Gauche

Question 50

What configuration is this?

Answer 50

Eclipsed

Question 51

What angle is this?

Answer 51

Phi Angle

Question 52

What angle is this?

Answer 52

Psi Angle

Question 53

Name a Mixed alpha and beta motif

Answer 53

Rossman Fold TIM Barrel Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Flavodoxin Fold Thioredoxin Fold

Question 54

Name an alpha helix motif

Answer 54

Coiled coil Helix bundle Globin fold Homeodomain fold

Question 55

Name a Beta Motif

Answer 55

Greek key Jellyroll Beta Barrel Beta propeller

Question 56

Structure: the amino acid sequence of the protein, read from the N- to C-terminus

Answer 56

Primary Structure

Question 57

Structure: alpha helices and beta sheets, induced by primary sequence and held together by weak forces

Answer 57

Secondary Structure

Question 58

Structure: overall 3D shape of the protein, stabilized by interactions of various R groups

Answer 58

Tertiary Structure

Question 59

Structure: interactions of multiple subunits in a complex

Answer 59

Quarternary Structure

Question 60

Overall 3-D architecture of a protein

Answer 60

Conformation

Question 61

Part of a polypeptide chain that can fold and possible function on its own.

Answer 61

Domain

Question 62

A recurring structural element found in various proteins that may or may not have an evolutionary relationship.

Answer 62

Motif