Exam 3 Practice

Question 1

In the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, what enzymes convert Glucose-6-Phosphate to Ribulose-5-Phosphate?

Answer 1

G-6-P dehydrogenase
lactonase
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

Question 2

The enzyme ____________ forms Ribose-5-P from Ribulose-5-P

Answer 2

Phosphopentose Isomerase

Question 3

In the Citric Acid Cycle, what enzymes form NADH?

Answer 3

isocitrate dehydrogenase
(alpha)-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex
malate dehydrogenase

Question 4

In the Citric Acid Cycle, what enzyme forms FADH2?

Answer 4

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 5

In the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, the metabolism of 5 carbon sugars uses the two sugars _______and _______to form two different products ________and _______that can enter glycolysis.

Answer 5

Xylulose, Erythrose
Glucose 3-Phosphate
Fructose 6-Phosphate

Question 6

In the Citric Acid Cycle, the step that forms ATP/GTP is the __th, catalyzed by the enzyme _______ from the substrate _______ to form the product _______.

Answer 6

5th
Succinyl CoA synthetase
Succinyl CoA
Succinate

Question 7

In what two steps of the citric acid cycle does decarboxylation occur?

Answer 7

3

4

Question 8

In what step of the citric acid cycle does dehydration occur?

Answer 8

2a

Question 9

In what two steps of the citric acid cycle does hydration occur?

Answer 9

2b

7

Question 10

In what step of the citric acid cycle does phosphorylation occur?

Answer 10

5 (ATP HERE)

Question 11

In what two steps of the citric acid cycle does dehydrogenation occur?

Answer 11

6

8

Question 12

The two mobile electron carriers in the electron transport chain?

Answer 12

Ubiquinone (from I to III)
Cytochrome c (from III to IV)

Question 13

Electrons from NADH pump __ protons at pump #3 (cytochrome c oxidase ), electrons from FADH2 pump __ protons at pump #3 and __ protons are necessary to reduce one oxygen (O2) to 2H2O

Answer 13

4
4
4

Question 14

The difference in liver and muscle ATP from NADH formed in glycolysis is due to ______used to move electrons into the mitochondria in liver versus ______to move electrons into the mitochondrion from the muscle.

Answer 14

Malate Shuttle

Glycerol 3-Phosphate Shuttle

Question 15

How many half-channels in the C-ring do humans possess?

Answer 15

10

Question 16

The eukaryotic F0 subunit of ATP synthase is composed primarily of 10 transmembrane alpha helices called the ______that rotate following protonation of an ______residue

Answer 16

C-Ring/Half-Channels

aspartate

Question 17

The F1 portion of ATP synthase is composed of a hexamer of ___ and ___ subunits and a single ____stalk attached to the rotating c-ring.

Answer 17

(alpha)
(beta)
(gamma y)

Question 18

Complete oxidation of one pyruvate to CO2 would yield how many ATP if run through the ETC and Ox/Phos?

Answer 18

12.5

Question 19

How many ATP are produced by Stage I (Glycolysis)?

Answer 19

5

Question 20

How many ATP are produced by Stage II (ETC Pyruvate)?

Answer 20

2.5 per pyruvate

Question 21

How many ATP are produced by Stage III (TCA cycle (Acetyl CoA))

Answer 21

10 per Acetyl CoA

Question 22

Glycogen is broken down to individual glucose units by the action of the ______enzyme at a-(1,4) linkages and the ______enzyme at a-(1,6) linkages.

Answer 22

Glycogen Phosphorylase

a-1,6-glucosidase (transferase first)

Question 23

Interconversion of the Glucose-1-phosphate formed from phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to a useable form (G-6-P) is by the action of the _____ enzyme

Answer 23

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 24

Regulation of glycogen degradation is at the enzyme ______ that is interconverted between two isoforms by ______.

Answer 24

Glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogen phosphorylase kinase

Question 25

Addition of glucose units to glycogen during synthesis requires the activated donor _____and a-(1,4) linkages are formed using the _____ enzyme, while a-(1,6) linkages are formed using the _____ enzyme.

Answer 25

UDP-glucose Glycogen Synthase Branching

Question 26

Regulation of glycogen synthesis is at the enzyme _________.

Answer 26

Glycogen Synthase

Question 27

______ and _____ enzymes remodel fat cells in response to signal transduction from _____ and ______.

Answer 27

Perilipin A, Hormone-sensitive Lipase | Epinephrine, Glucagon

Question 28

The glycerol moiety of triacylglycerol is oxidized in the liver to ________.

Answer 28

DHAP

Question 29

In (Beta)-oxidation of fatty acids, the formation of FADH2 and NADH are by the enzymes _________ and _______.

Answer 29

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase | β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Question 30

Formation of the acyl CoA substrate prior to fatty acid degradation is by the enzyme ______

Answer 30

Acyl-CoA synthetase

Question 31

Translocation of the acyl CoA into mitochondria for degradation requires transient conjugation to the acyl carrier_______.

Answer 31

Carnitine

Question 32

How many carbons in Stearic Acid?

Answer 32

18

Question 33

How many carbons in Palmitic Acid?

Answer 33

16

Question 34

How many carbons in Myristic Acid?

Answer 34

14

Question 35

How many carbons in lauric Acid?

Answer 35

12

Question 36

(Beta)-oxidation of the fatty acid stearate yields ___acetyl CoA, ___FADH2 and __NADH.

Answer 36

9 8 8

Question 37

(Beta)-oxidation of the fatty acid palmitate yields ___acetyl CoA, ___FADH2 and __NADH.

Answer 37

8 7 7

Question 38

(Beta)-oxidation of the fatty acid myristate yields ___acetyl CoA, ___FADH2 and __NADH.

Answer 38

7 6 6

Question 39

(Beta)-oxidation of the fatty acid laurate yields ___acetyl CoA, ___FADH2 and __NADH.

Answer 39

6 5 5

Question 40

How many ATP are generated from one NADH?

Answer 40

2.5

Question 41

How many ATP are generated from one FADH2?

Answer 41

1.5

Question 42

In fatty acid synthesis, the 2 carbon units are derived from the movement of _____ from mitochondria to cytoplasm

Answer 42

Citrate

Question 43

In fatty acid synthesis, after the 2 carbon units are derived, _____ moves from cytoplasm to mitochondria

Answer 43

Pyruvate

Question 44

In the synthesis of palmitate, ____ number of NADPH are formed by recycling ____ back to the mitochondria as pyruvate.

Answer 44

8 | Oxaloacetate

Question 45

Addition of glucose units to glycogen during synthesis requires the activated donor _______ and a-(1,6) linkages are formed using the _______ enzyme.

Answer 45

UDP-glucose | branching