Electron Transport Chain, Proton Force Flashcards
What is the formula for electron flow?
ΔG°’ = -nFΔE°’
ΔG°’: Electron Transfer Energy
n: Number of Electrons
ΔE°’: Energy (Volts) added from both compounds
How many Pumps / Complexes in the ETC?
3 Pumps, 4 Complexes
What are the enzymes and the functions of Complex I?
NADH Q reductase or oxidoreductase
accepts 2e- from NADH and pumps 4H+
What are the enzymes and the functions of Complex II?
CoQ:
Ubiquinone
2e- carrier from Complex I to Complex III
Complex II:
succinate Q reductase
Accepts e- from FADH2 and gives them to Q for transfer to Complex III. We lose the 4H+ pumped in Complex I.
What are the enzymes and the functions of Complex III?
Cytochrome c reductase
pumps 4H+ from either NADH or FADH2
Cytochrome c
moves electrons (one at a time instead of 2 at a time as with Q) from Complex III to Complex IV
What are the enzymes and the functions of Complex IV?
Cytochrome oxidase
pumps 2H+, Needs 4e- to reduce oxygen to water at this terminal site of the ETC.
Where are NADH Q reductase and oxidoreductase in the ETC, and what is their function?
Complex I, accepts e- from NADH and pumps 4H+
Where is Ubiquinone in the ETC, and what is its function?
Complex II, 2e- carrier from Complex I to Complex III
Where is succinate Q reductase in the ETC, and what is its function?
Complex II, Accepts e- from FADH2 and gives them to Q for transfer to Complex III
Where is Cytochrome c reductase in the ETC, and what is its function?
Complex III, pumps 4H+ from either NADH or FADH2
Where is Cytochrome c in the ETC, and what is its function?
Complex III, moves electrons (one at a time instead of 2 at a time as with Q) from Complex III to Complex IV
Where is Cytochrome oxidase in the ETC, and what is its function?
Complex IV, pumps 2H+, Needs 4e- to reduce oxygen to water at this terminal site of the ETC.
How many electrons are pumped in the ETC per NADH?
10
How many electrons are pumped in the ETC per FADH2?
6
Glucose produces how many NADH?
6
Glucose produces how many FADH2?
2
Pyruvate produces how many NADH?
4
Pyruvate produces how many FADH2?
1
Acetyl CoA produces how many NADH?
3
Acetyl CoA produces how many FADH2?
1
When does NADH enter the ETC?
Complex I
When does FADH2 Enter the ETC?
Complex II
What is the Fo subunit of ATP Synthase?
A proton channel domain composed of a hydrophobic subunit that spans the mitochondrial membrane called half-channels
This is the C-Ring
What is the F1 subunit of ATP Synthase?
The place where ATP is synthesized. Has 5 types of polypeptide chains.
What is the blue ? indicating on ATP Synthase?
Rotor
Fo Domain
What is the red ? indicating on ATP Synthase?
Catalytic Head
F1 Domain
Where does the Synthesis of ATP occur in ATP Synthase?
Beta Subunits (F1)
What happens in the O to L conformation?
Binds ADP and Pi
What happens in the L to T conformation?
Forms ATP
What happens in the T to O conformation?
Releases ATP and is open for binding more ADP and Pi
Roughly, how many ATP are produced per NADH?
2.5
Roughly, how many ATP are produced per FADH2?
1.5
How many ATP are produced from one Glucose molecule?
30 in Muscle
32 in Liver
How many ATP are produced from one Pyruvate molecule?
12.5
How many ATP are produced from one Acetyl CoA molecule?
10
How many protons are pumped per NADH?
10 Protons
How many protons are pumped per FADH2?
6 Protons
How many protons are pumped per Acetyl CoA?
Acetyl-CoA - 36 Protons
3 NADH + 1 FADH2
How many protons are pumped per pyruvate?
46 Protons
1 NADH (P)
3 NADH (AcoA) + 1 FADH2 (ACoA)
How many protons are pumped per glucose in muscle?
104 Protons
2 FADH2 (G) + 2 NADH (pyruvate) + 6 NADH (ACoA) + 2 FADH2 (ACoA)
How many protons are pumped per glucose in the liver?
112 Protons
2 NADH (G) + 2 NADH (pyruvate) + 6 NADH (ACoA) + 2 FADH2 (ACoA)
