Enzymes Flashcards
To catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; transfer of H and O atoms or electrons from one substance to another
AH + B → A + BH (reduced)
A + O → AO (oxidized)
Oxidoreductases:
Dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase
Transfer of a functional group from one substance to another. The group may be methyl-, acyl-, amino- or phosphate group
AB + C → A + BC
Transferases
Transaminase, kinase
Formation of two products from a substrate by hydrolysis
AB + H2O → AOH + BH
Hydrolases
Lipase, amylase, peptidase, phosphatase
Non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from substrates. C-C, C-N, C-O or C-S bonds may be cleaved
RCOCOOH → RCOH + CO2
or [X-A+B-Y] → [A=B + X-Y]
Lyases
Decarboxylase
Intramolecule rearrangement, i.e. isomerization changes within a single molecule
ABC → BCA
Isomerases
Isomerase, mutase
Join together two molecules by synthesis of new C-O, C-S, C-N or C-C bonds with simultaneous breakdown of ATP
X + Y + ATP → XY + ADP + Pi
Ligases
Synthetase