Liberty Memorial Flashcards
Why did European countries have a grater impulse to create memorials?
Because of the battlefields located on their soil
Where was the impulse to creat war memorials more restrained then in Europe?
In the United States
What are the two types of memorials categorized by historians?
Utilitarian and non-utilitarian
What are utilitarian memorials?
Living memorials that serve as an obvious function in addition to memorializing the dead
What are non-utilitarian memorials?
Memorials that take many forms such as ornamental sculptures or plaques
What is an example of an unknown memorial in the United States?
Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington Cemetery, Virginia
What is a cenotaph memorial?
A memorial that are empty tombs that represent the many lost whose remains were never found or whose bodies were buried elsewhere
What is a well-known example of a cenotaph?
The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London dedicated in 1920
What is Veteran’s Day also known as in Europe?
Armistice Day marking the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month in 1918
How do memorials level social class and race?
By not identifying rank or class in the military
What civilizations designs heavily emphasized memorial architecture?
Greek, Roman, Renaissance and Egypt
What was the reason for Medieval design’s appropriateness for memorials in England and France?
Because it allowed for references to Christianity
What allegorical figures were often favored for public memorials?
Justice, Valor and Liberty
What was the Pieta in France?
The representation of the Virgin Mary with the dead body of Christ in either a sacred or secular context
What two British memorial organizations were charged with commissioning and maintaning memorials?
Imperial War Graves Commission and the British War Memorials Commission
Who lead the Kansas City Liberty Memorial Association?
Robert A. Long
What did the Liberty Memorial Association decide for the criteria of Liberty Memorial?
Monument plus a building, not for utilitarian purposes
How much money had The Liberty Memorial Association raised for the memorial?
$2.5 million
Who had served as the president of the American Institute of Architects?
Thomas Kimball
Who organized a comittee that oversaw the submissions for designs of Liberty Memorial Association in 1921?
Thomas Kimball
Who was selected to produce the Liberty Memorial?
Harold Van Buren Magonigle from New York
Where was Magonigle born?
In New Jersey
When did Magonigle open his own architectural firm in New York?
In 1903
How had Magonigle made a name for himself in Canton, Ohio?
With the design for the William McKinley National Memorial
Who designed sculptural decoration for the Liberty Memorial’s frieze?
Edith Magonigle his wife
Where is Liberty Memorial located?
Across from Union Station
What was the dimensions for Liberty Memorial’s base’s diameter?
36 feet
How high is the shaft of Liberty Memorial?
217 feet high
What style is the shaft of Liberty Memorial?
Art Deco along with Egyptian Revival elements
What are the four allegorical representations represented on the shaft of Liberty Memorial?
Courage, Sacrifice, Patriotism and Honor
What was the memorial designed so that the light and steam could do?
Emerge from the top of the shaft emulate an eternal flame that can be seen from a great distance
What memorial did Congress designate as the country’s official World War Museum in 2004?
The National World War One Museum
When was ground broken at the Liberty Memorial?
On November 1, 1921
Military commanders from what countries joined General Pershing to address an enthusiastic crowd os supporters?
France, Italy, Great Britain and Belgium
hen was Liberty Memorial completed?
In 1926
Who dedicated Liberty Memorial?
President Clavin Coolidge on Armistice Day 1926
When was the sculptural frieze of the Liberty Memorial unveiled?
In 1935
Where all the United States war memorials located?
In Washington D.C.
What American commission was created in the United States in 1923?
The American Battle Monuments Commission
What World War One memorial is located on the National Mall in Washington D.C.?
The District of Columbia War Memorial
When was the District of Columbia authorized and when was it dedicated?
Authorized by Congress in 1924 and dedicated on Armistice Day in 1931
What does the District of Columbia War Memorial commemorate?
The 499 citizens of the District of Columbia who died in battle and some 26,000 who served in World War One
