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Art > Liberty Memorial > Flashcards

Liberty Memorial Flashcards

0
Q

Why did European countries have a grater impulse to create memorials?

A

Because of the battlefields located on their soil

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1
Q

Where was the impulse to creat war memorials more restrained then in Europe?

A

In the United States

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2
Q

What are the two types of memorials categorized by historians?

A

Utilitarian and non-utilitarian

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3
Q

What are utilitarian memorials?

A

Living memorials that serve as an obvious function in addition to memorializing the dead

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4
Q

What are non-utilitarian memorials?

A

Memorials that take many forms such as ornamental sculptures or plaques

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5
Q

What is an example of an unknown memorial in the United States?

A

Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington Cemetery, Virginia

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6
Q

What is a cenotaph memorial?

A

A memorial that are empty tombs that represent the many lost whose remains were never found or whose bodies were buried elsewhere

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7
Q

What is a well-known example of a cenotaph?

A

The Cenotaph in Whitehall, London dedicated in 1920

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8
Q

What is Veteran’s Day also known as in Europe?

A

Armistice Day marking the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month in 1918

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9
Q

How do memorials level social class and race?

A

By not identifying rank or class in the military

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10
Q

What civilizations designs heavily emphasized memorial architecture?

A

Greek, Roman, Renaissance and Egypt

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11
Q

What was the reason for Medieval design’s appropriateness for memorials in England and France?

A

Because it allowed for references to Christianity

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12
Q

What allegorical figures were often favored for public memorials?

A

Justice, Valor and Liberty

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13
Q

What was the Pieta in France?

A

The representation of the Virgin Mary with the dead body of Christ in either a sacred or secular context

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14
Q

What two British memorial organizations were charged with commissioning and maintaning memorials?

A

Imperial War Graves Commission and the British War Memorials Commission

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15
Q

Who lead the Kansas City Liberty Memorial Association?

A

Robert A. Long

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16
Q

What did the Liberty Memorial Association decide for the criteria of Liberty Memorial?

A

Monument plus a building, not for utilitarian purposes

17
Q

How much money had The Liberty Memorial Association raised for the memorial?

A

$2.5 million

18
Q

Who had served as the president of the American Institute of Architects?

A

Thomas Kimball

19
Q

Who organized a comittee that oversaw the submissions for designs of Liberty Memorial Association in 1921?

A

Thomas Kimball

20
Q

Who was selected to produce the Liberty Memorial?

A

Harold Van Buren Magonigle from New York

21
Q

Where was Magonigle born?

A

In New Jersey

22
Q

When did Magonigle open his own architectural firm in New York?

A

In 1903

23
Q

How had Magonigle made a name for himself in Canton, Ohio?

A

With the design for the William McKinley National Memorial

24
Q

Who designed sculptural decoration for the Liberty Memorial’s frieze?

A

Edith Magonigle his wife

25
Q

Where is Liberty Memorial located?

A

Across from Union Station

26
Q

What was the dimensions for Liberty Memorial’s base’s diameter?

A

36 feet

27
Q

How high is the shaft of Liberty Memorial?

A

217 feet high

28
Q

What style is the shaft of Liberty Memorial?

A

Art Deco along with Egyptian Revival elements

29
Q

What are the four allegorical representations represented on the shaft of Liberty Memorial?

A

Courage, Sacrifice, Patriotism and Honor

30
Q

What was the memorial designed so that the light and steam could do?

A

Emerge from the top of the shaft emulate an eternal flame that can be seen from a great distance

31
Q

What memorial did Congress designate as the country’s official World War Museum in 2004?

A

The National World War One Museum

32
Q

When was ground broken at the Liberty Memorial?

A

On November 1, 1921

33
Q

Military commanders from what countries joined General Pershing to address an enthusiastic crowd os supporters?

A

France, Italy, Great Britain and Belgium

34
Q

hen was Liberty Memorial completed?

A

In 1926

35
Q

Who dedicated Liberty Memorial?

A

President Clavin Coolidge on Armistice Day 1926

36
Q

When was the sculptural frieze of the Liberty Memorial unveiled?

A

In 1935

37
Q

Where all the United States war memorials located?

A

In Washington D.C.

38
Q

What American commission was created in the United States in 1923?

A

The American Battle Monuments Commission

39
Q

What World War One memorial is located on the National Mall in Washington D.C.?

A

The District of Columbia War Memorial

40
Q

When was the District of Columbia authorized and when was it dedicated?

A

Authorized by Congress in 1924 and dedicated on Armistice Day in 1931

41
Q

What does the District of Columbia War Memorial commemorate?

A

The 499 citizens of the District of Columbia who died in battle and some 26,000 who served in World War One

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