liberalism Flashcards
collectivism
people bound together by common bonds
atomic individualism
a collective of rational and autonomous individuals
classical liberalism
a tradition within liberalism that seeks to maximise the realm of unconstrained individual action, typically by establishing a minimal state and a reliance on market economics
modern liberalism
a tradition within liberalism that provides a qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development
egotistical individualism
individuals aim to satisfy their own wants and needs
features of egotistical individualism
- you should not rely on the state to help you out
- society has to be organised to benefit autonomous individuals, and their needs must be prioritised over any collective body
- pull yourself up by your own bootstraps
- the most important thing is that individuals have the capability to achieve their potential
- there is no such thing as a society - we are all atomised
- the most important thing is that individuals are left to their own devices and don’t depend on anyone else
both egotistical and developmental
- society is best understood as a collection of individuals
- individuals are self seeking and largely self reliant
- humans share the same status in that they are all individuals
developmental individualism
assumes that we may choose to make social progress and express a degree of altruism, a desire to live in harmony
features of developmental individualism
- the state has some responsibility towards those less fortunate
- helping others to make the most of their abilities is to be encouraged
- a belief in personal growth and self realisation
both egotistical and developmental
- society is best understood as a collection of individuals
- individuals are self seeking and largely self reliant
- humans share the same status in that they are all individuals
individualism and the state
- limited power and involvement
- should only interfere in other-regarding actions
individualism and society
- a group of atomised individuals
- self regarding individuals work for themselves but developmental individualism suggests we can all work towards a shared, common goal
individualism and human nature
- humans are rational beings
- humans are self regarding and keen to improve, but have the capacity to be other regarding
individualism and the economy
- little to no state intervention, incentives and meritocracy
- self reliance is a virtue
- avoid state dependency
classic liberal ideals
- government by consent
- guarantee of individual freedom
- representative democracy
- representative democracy
- a limited role for the state within society and the economy
- individuals are born with natural rights
are commonly associated with the ideals of the enlightenment
modern liberalism ideals
- argued for an enhanced role of the state within society and the economy
- for some, it enhanced individual freedom and was a logical continuation of the ideas of classical liberalism
- for others, such as neo liberalism, this was a betrayal of classic liberalism’s core ideals
foundational equality
- a fundamental liberal belief that all individuals are born with natural rights which entitle them to liberty, the pursuit of happiness and avoidance of pain
- in a liberal state, this translates into the rule of law, where all individuals are treated equality under the law