LG4.8 Lump/Mass Musculoskeletal Scheme Presentation and LG4.9 Lump/Mass/Hernia Musculoskeletal Cases – Dr. Crutchfield

Question 1

What is cytology?

Answer 1

The study of cells

Question 2

What is panendoscopy?

Answer 2

Complete physical examination of the head and neck by pharyngoscopy, laryngoscopy, and upper GI endoscopy.

Question 3

What is a virchow’s node?

Answer 3

• Lump in the supraclavicular fossa
• Shows breast cancer in females
• Shows lung cancer in men

Question 4

What is prune belly syndrome?

Answer 4

NO abdominal muscles, undescended tests, urinary tract abnormalities

Question 5

What is a inguinal hernia?

Answer 5

• Lump in the inguinal area……
• Physical exam 1st, then imaging, treat with true support or surgery.
• Defect in fascia

Question 6

What is an umbilical hernia?

Answer 6

• “Outie”, congenital or acquired

- Obesity, heavy lifting

Question 7

What is an incisional hernia?

Answer 7

Fascial defect from a prior operation

Question 8

What is diastasis recti?

Answer 8

No fascial defect, no repair needed, looks like a lump on the abdomen when head is flexed.

Question 9

What is lumbar hernia?

Answer 9

Rare, congenital or acquired

Question 10

What is Grynfeltt-Lesshaft?

Answer 10

Superior lumbar triangle, quadratus lumbrum, 12th rib, internal oblique

Question 11

What is Petit’s?

Answer 11

Inferior lumbar triangle, latisimus dorsi, external oblique, and iliac crest.

Question 12

What is a ventral hernia?

Answer 12

• Congenital or acquired

- anywhere on the ventral side of the abdomen.

Question 13

What is a Spigelian hernia?

Answer 13

• On the line of Davis
• Special type of ventral hernia occurring at the semi lunar line and lateral to the rectus musculature.
• Level of the umbilicus or below

Question 14

What is a sarcoma?

Answer 14

Diagnose via muscle biopsy

Question 15

What is osteoma?

Answer 15

• treat with excision, or chemo/radiation, if osteosarcoma

- abnormal bony growth

Question 16

What is a rectus sheath hematoma?

Answer 16

• Bleeding into rectus sheath
• treat with abdominal binder and bed rest
• Imaging should be engaged to rule out major trauma
• Blood thinners may cause spontaneous into rectus sheath

Question 17

What is Gastrointestinal stromal tumor?

Answer 17

• Derived from mesenchyme.

- Genetic factor is C-kit pathway gene

Question 18

What is Endometrius of Rectus Muscle?

Answer 18

• Lump or pain in a scar
• Mass in abdominal muscle
• Treat with hormone therapy or surgery

Question 19

What is leiomyoma?

Answer 19

Tumor of the uterus

Question 20

What is a Psoas muscle abscesses?

Answer 20

• Uncommon
• Treat with Abx and drainage
• Debride if associated with necrotizing fasciitis
• If unsure aspirate

Question 21

What is a ruptured achilles tendon?

Answer 21

• Males more than female
• Treatment with conservative methods of surgery
• Usually very obvious

Question 22

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 22

broken bone can cause bump

Question 23

What are the three types of biopsies?

Answer 23

1) Core needle biopsy- used for breast tumor

2) Leather punch biopsy- Used for melanoma

Question 24

What are the complications of biopsies?

Answer 24

Bleeding, infections, hematoma, scarring