LG3.6 Microbiology of Joint Infections – Dr. Pettit Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hemolysis does S. aureus cause?

A

Beta

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2
Q

Is S. aureus gram +/-?

A

positve

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3
Q

What is the catalase, coagulase, and fermenter type of S. aureus?

A

Catalase positive, coagulase positive, and it is a mannitol fermentor

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4
Q

What are the main virulence factors of S. aureus?

A
  • Protein A: Binds to Fc region of IgG
  • Fibronectin-binding protein
  • Cytolytic Exotoxins: PVL
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5
Q

What type of hemolysis does S. epidermis have?

A

Gamma hemolysis

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6
Q

What is the catalase, coagulase, and fermenter type of S. epidermis?

A

Catalase positive, coagulase negative, and mannitol fermentor negative

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7
Q

What are the main virulence factors of S. epidermis

A
  • Slime layer (attachement to tissues/prosthetics)
  • Adhesins (collagen, fibrinogen, elastin)
  • Lipases, proteases
  • Biofilms
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8
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of Kingella kingae?

A

Gram negitive and coccobacillus

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9
Q

Where is Kingella kingae normal microbiota?

A

oropharynx

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10
Q

What type of oxygen use does Kingella kingae have?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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11
Q

What type of hemolysis does Kingella kingae cause?

A

Beta hemolytic

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12
Q

Is Kingella kingae oxidase positive or negative?

A

Positive

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13
Q

What is a leading cause of septic arthritis?

A

Kingella kingae

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14
Q

What are the virulence factors of Kingella kingae?

A
  • Pili

- Beta-hemolysin: lysis epithelial cells, synovial cells, macrophages

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15
Q

What is the Gram stain and shape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Small Gram Negative diplococcus

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16
Q

What is the oxygen use of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Aerobe to facultative anaerobe

17
Q

What are the oxidase and catalase of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Oxidase positive and Catalase positive

18
Q

What are the main virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A
  • Adhesins
  • Opa
  • pili
  • IgA1 protease
  • Antibiotic resistance
19
Q

What types of antibiotic resistance does Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A
  • Efflux pumps
  • Naturall competent for transformation
  • Conjugation plasmids
  • Evidence for biofilm formation
20
Q

What do Neisseria gonorrhoeae do to avoid the immune system?

A
  • Bind sialic acid to their LOS
  • Facilitated intracellular
  • Antigenic and phase variation of Opa’s, pili, LOS
  • Outer membrane blebbing
21
Q

What are the main symptoms of Gonococcal?

A
  • low-grade fever
  • petechial skin lesions
  • migratory polyarthralgia
  • Septic arthritis with increased pain and swelling of joints, purulent synovial fluids, and tenosynovitis
22
Q

Where and how many joints does Gonococcal normally infects?

A

-Polyarticular (can be mono)
-Knee, wrist, ankle and elbow
(less damage than non-gonococclal arthritis.

23
Q

What are the symptoms of nongonococcal infections?

A
  • Fever, joint pain (hot, swollen)
  • Impaired ranged of motion
  • Usually monoarticular
  • Knee most common
24
Q

What are the symptoms of prothetic joint infection?

A
  • Sudden local joint pain

- Mechanical joint failure

25
Q

What are the three ways that a joint can become septic?

A
  • Hematogenous spread
  • Direct inoculation (bite,trauma)
  • Extension of osteomyelitis
26
Q

What are the two major classes of septic arthritis?

A
  • Nongonococcal (50% death rate)

- Gonococcal (low mortality rate)

27
Q

What is the role of white footed mice in the life cycle of Ixodes Scapularis?

A
  • 2 year cycle of Ixodes scapulars
  • Eggs uninfected
  • Rodent reservoir (White footed mice) (Eats the eggs)
  • Deer are not reservoirs but needed for completion of life cycle.
28
Q

What is the shape and gram stain of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A
  • Gram negitive and spirochete

- Large size

29
Q

What type of oxygen use does Borrelia burgdorferi have?

A

microaerophile

30
Q

What is the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A
  • Blacklegged tick Ixodes
  • Forest dweller
  • All stages require blood meal.
31
Q

How is Borrelia burgdorferi cultured?

A
  • Fastidious and slow growing
  • Limited metabolic capabilities
  • Generation time under optimal conditions 12-24 hours
32
Q

What are the virulence factors of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A
  • Seems to suppress immune response in patients
  • Blebs, biofilms, antigenic variation surface proteins.
  • Very motile via axial filaments.
33
Q

What type of rash is indicative of lyme disease?

A

The bulls eye rash or erythema migraines.

34
Q

What are the main components of Early disseminated lyme disease?

A
  • Dissemination to skin, heart, CNS, joints.
  • Multiple erythema migrans
  • Cardiac/neurologica complications. (Bell’s palsy, peripheral neuropathy)
  • Ocular manifestations
35
Q

What are the main components of late lyme?

A
  • Usually manifests as chronic arthritis

- Less often CNS problems

36
Q

Why is it less useful staining/culture for lyme disease?

A

Few spirochetes in blood/tissues

37
Q

What does it mean to do direct testing for lyme disease?

A

Looking for presence of microbe antigens uses known antibody

38
Q

What does it mean to do indirect testing for lyme diseases?

A

Looking for host antibodies directed against microbe antigens uses known antigens current exposure, previous exposure.

39
Q

What is the typical synovial WBC count for lyme arthritis?

A

Less than other bacterial arthritis etiologies, 20,000 to 60,000 cells/uL.