Lexical Change

Question 1

Neologism/ coinage

Answer 1

The deliberate creation of a new word. Not a common process of word formation e.g. hobbit

Question 2

Borrowing / loan words

Answer 2

Borrowing words /concepts from other languages. Words are either anglicised (no longer recognise them as loan words) or they may retain their original spelling or phonology
E.g. bungalow (Hindi), landscape (Dutch), futon (Japanese)

Question 3

Compounding

Answer 3

Words are combined together to form new words. These can be open, hyphenated or solid
E.g. user-friendly, handheld

Question 4

Clipping

Answer 4

Words are shortened and the shortened form becomes the norm
E.g. pram, rizz (charisma), phone, deli

Question 5

Blending

Answer 5

A combination of clipping and compounding. Words are abbreviated and joined together to form a new word
E.g. brunch, newscast

Question 6

Acronym

Answer 6

First letter are taken from a series of words to create a new term and pronounced as a word
E..g NASA

Question 7

Initialism

Answer 7

The first letter from a series of words form a new term but each letter is pronounced
E.g. OMG, CD

Question 8

Affixation

Answer 8

One or more free morphemes are combined with one or more bound morphemes
E.g. disinterest, regift

Question 9

Functional shift

Answer 9

A word shifts from one word class to another usually from a noun to a verb (denominalisation)
E.g. ghost, text, network, google

Question 10

Eponym

Answer 10

Names of a person or company are used to define particular objects. Often they are the inventors or distributors of the objects
E.g. silhouette, boycott

Question 11

Back formation

Answer 11

A verb is created from an existing noun by removing a suffix
E.g. locate, insert