CLA Speaking Terminology Flashcards
What are proto words?
A word a child makes up because they can’t pronounce the real word.
What is reduplication?
When we repeat a synonym.
Example: “moomoo” = cow, “poopoo” = poo.
What are diminutives?
Making a word easier to say by adding to it.
Example: “doggy” = dog, “Mummy” = Mum, “Daddy” = Dad, “kitty” = cat, “ducky” = duck.
What is substitution?
When we swap one sound with one that’s easier to pronounce.
Example: “dod” = dog, “Uncle Gotty” = Uncle Scotty, “fink” = think.
What is assimilation?
A consonant or vowel is swapped for another, generally at the start of a word to make it easier to say.
Example: “borry “ = lorry.
What is deletion?
Omitting a particular sound, often the final consonant in the word or a weak syllable.
Example: “Exin” = flying, “terhone” = telephone.
What are consonant cluster reductions?
Reducing phonologically complex units into simple ones, such as taking a digraph/trigraph and making it into one.
Example: “fink” = think, “Dis” = dish.
What is a digraph?
A combination of two letters.
What is a trigraph?
A combination of three letters.
What are voiced consonants?
Consonants that use your vocal cords.
Example: b, g, d, j
What are unvoiced/voiceless consonants?
Consonants that don’t use your vocal cords but push air out of the mouth.
Example: f, ch, k
What is a stop sound?
A block and then release of air.
Example: p,T,k,b,d,g
What is a fricative sound?
A continuous sound creating friction in the mouth.
Examole : f,v,s,z,h,th
What is consonant assimilation?
When one sound becomes more like a nearby sound.
Example: pronouncing handbag as hambag .
What is diminutisation?
Words that reduce the phonological difficulty of a word through addition.
Example: doggie.
What is doubling?
Repeating a word, usually monosyllabic, to make it multisyllabic.
Example: baba for bad.
What is prevocalic voicing?
The voicing of unvoiced consonants.
Example: peach becomes beach.
What is reduplication?
A repeated syllable.
Example: moo moo for cow.
Unstressed syllable deletion
Omitting an unstressed syllable when pronouncing a word e.g. flyin(g)
Velar fronting
Phonemes k and g made at the back of the throat are substituted for sounds made at the front e.g. tookie for cookie
Cluster reduction
When a group of consonants are reduced to one
e.g. tuck for truck
Epenthesis
When a sound (usually “uh”) is added between two consonants
E.g. bu-lue for blue
Final devoicing
A final voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant
E.g. ret for red
Gliding
When L or r becomes a w or y sound
E.g. yewo for yellow, wock for rock
