Levine (2001) Flashcards
(Levine) What was the aim of this study regarding culture?
To see if helping of strangers varies per culture.
(Levine) What was the aim of this study regarding situations?
To see if helping of strangers is consistent across different situations.
(Levine) What was the aim of this study regarding characteristics?
To investigate if characteristics of communities are related to helping of strangers.
(Levine) Describe the sample and data collection in this study.
- Data collected from 23 different countries
- Selection of countries was down to convenience
- Data was collected from either the largest city or another major city
- Data collected during summer months of 1 or more years between 1992 and 1997
(Levine) Describe the procedure for a ‘dropped pen’.
Help was if a participant either returned the pen or told the experimenter they dropped it.
(Levine) Describe the procedure for a ‘hurt leg’.
Help was if a participant offered or actually picked up magazines dropped by the experimenter.
(Levine) Describe the procedure for ‘helping a blind person across the street’.
Help was if a participant either took the experimenter across the street or told them when the light was green.
(Levine) State who procedures were not carried out in front of.
- Children (<17)
- Physically disabled
- Very old
- Carrying heavy packages
(Levine) What times of the day and conditions were experiments carried out?
During main business hours, on clear days.
(Levine) Describe the experimenters.
- Male
- College age
- Dressed neatly/causally
(Levine) Results: What was the most helpful culture?
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 93%
(Levine) Results: What was the least helpful culture?
Kuala Lampur, Malaysia - 40%
(Levine) Define the community variable: population size.
How many people were within the city investigated.
(Levine) Define the community variable: purchasing parity.
How much the average income of the country could buy (PPP).
(Levine) Define the community variable: individualist vs collectivist.
Where the country sits on a scale of 1-10 (where 1 is most collectivistic and 10 is most individualistic).
(Levine) Define the community variable: pace of life.
Measured by walking speed of those in the city centre.
(Levine) Results - Community Variables: Population size.
No significant correlation.
(Levine) Results - Community Variables: Purchasing parity.
Significant negative correlation (higher purchasing power in cities with lower levels of help offered).
(Levine) Results - Community Variables: Individualist vs Collectivist.
No significant correlation.
(Levine) Results - Community Variables: Pace of Life.
Slight negative correlation (less help offered in cities with a faster pace of life) but this wasn’t significant.
(Levine) Define the term ‘simpatia culture’.
Sees being friendly, nice, agreeable and good-natured as more important than achievement and productivity.
(Levine) Which 5 countries were said to have a simpatia culture?
Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, El Salvador, and Spain.
(Levine) State the results regarding gender differences.
There was no significant difference found between help offered by male and female participants.
(Levine) Evaluate the reliability of this study regarding it being standardised.
The experimenters were trained to carry out the trials in exactly the same way (e.g when to drop the pen, how fast to walk etc).
