Lee et al. (1997) Flashcards
(Lee et al) Define the term ‘longitudinal’ regarding research methods.
When the same participants are followed for an extended period of time.
(Lee et al) Define the term ‘cross-sectional’ regarding research methods.
When there are different groups of participants at different ages who are all studied at once.
(Lee et al) Describe the term ‘culture’.
A human made part of the environment. It includes the way people do things (like make buildings or music) as well as beliefs, values and norms.
(Lee et al) What is an individualistic culture?
A culture where people’s identities are
defined by personal choices and achievements; self-reliance and the rights
of individuals to ‘do their own thing’ are emphasised.
(Lee et al) What is an collectivist culture?
A culture where people’s identities are
defined by the groups they seem themselves as a part of (e.g. the extended family, tribe, or nation); group goals take priority over individual goals, and maintaining group harmony is important.
(Lee et al) Identify and explain the 2 aims of this study.
Culture: To find out if the culture a child grows up in (individualist or collectivist) affects their views about truth telling and lying.
Age: To find out if the views of children about truth-telling and lying change as they grow older.
(Lee et al) What is the sample of this study regarding the individualistic culture?
108 children from Fredericton, Canada aged 7, 9 and 11.
(Lee et al) What is the sample of this study regarding the collectivist culture?
120 children from
Hangzhou, China
aged 7, 9 and 11.
(Lee et al) Describe the 4 types of stories that were read individually to the children during the procedure.
A child would behave
anti-socially, and then lie to their teacher about what they had done.
A child would behave
anti-socially, and then tell the truth to their teacher about it.
A child would behave
pro-socially, and then lie to their teacher about what they had done.
A child would behave
pro-socially, and then tell the truth to their teacher about what they had done.
(Lee et al) Recall and explain the type of stories that the children had read to them.
Half of the children had social stories and half had physical stories read to them.
- Social: The behaviour impacts another child
- Physical: The behaviour impact on the environment (physical objects).
(Lee et al) What were the 2 questions the children were asked following each story?
- Is what xxx did good or naughty?
- Is what xxx said to their teacher [about what they had done] good or naughty?
(Lee et al) How did the children response to the questions asked following each story?
On a 7 point scale.
(Lee et al) Explain the results regarding pro-social truth telling.
Children in collectivist China came to view this less positively as they got older (seeing this as “begging for” or “wanting” praise).
(Lee et al) Explain the results regarding pro-social lie telling.
Children in collectivist China came to view this positively as they got older (saying that one should not leave one’s name after doing a good deed).
(Lee et al) Explain the results regarding anti-social truth telling.
Children from both collectivist China and individualist Canada rated this very positively.
