Kohlberg (1968) Flashcards
(Kohlberg) What did Kohlberg base his ideas on? (2)
- Kohlberg looked at how other psychologists had thought about moral development before he created his own research (behaviourist and psychodynamic perspective)
- Jean Piaget’s theory
(Kohlberg) What is the concept behind Jean Piaget’s thinking?
Children’s thinking (including morals) develops in stages.
(Kohlberg) In the 1st stage of moral development, children can’t see the world from anyone else’s _____ __ ____. If someone accidentally breaks a window, it is always wrong. They are unable to take into account the _________ behind the act – only the _____________.
Point of view
Intention
Consequences
(Kohlberg) Jean Piaget’s thinking: from age _ children begins to understand that ______ are more complex and that there are ‘grey areas’ of _____ and _____.
8
morals
right
wrong
(Kohlberg) What is Level 1 called?
Pre-Conventional
(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 called?
Conventional
(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 called?
Post-Conventional
(Kohlberg) What is Level 1- Stage 1 called?
Orientation towards punishment
(Kohlberg) What is Level 1- Stage 2 called?
Orientation towards self-interest
(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 - Stage 3 called?
‘Good boy’ and ‘Good girl’ orientation
(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 - Stage 4 called?
Orientation towards authority
(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 - Stage 5 called?
Social contract orientation
(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 - Stage 6 called?
Universal ethical principles
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 1.
You listen to rules to avoid being punished.
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 2.
You behave in a way that best benefits yourself (to obtain rewards/have favours returned/etc.)
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 3.
You worry about what other people will think about you. Want to be seen as good.
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 4.
You think about what’s best for society rather than yourself. You follow rules and laws and see them as really important.
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 5.
You understand that morals and laws are changeable over time and across cultures. What will benefit most people in the long term?
(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 6.
You are capable of very abstract moral thinking (based on universal rules) and can take into account all possible positions a person might make when making a moral decision. You ACT on your own morals.
(Kohlberg) What level did Kohlberg say the vast majority of adults think at?
Level 2: Conventional
(Kohlberg) What level and stage did Kohlberg say around 5% of adults perform at?
Level 3: Stage 5: Social contract orientation
(Kohlberg) What level and stage did Kohlberg say only a handful of people in history have reached.
Level 3: Stage 6: Universal ethical principles
