Kohlberg (1968)

Question 1

(Kohlberg) What did Kohlberg base his ideas on? (2)

Answer 1

• Kohlberg looked at how other psychologists had thought about moral development before he created his own research (behaviourist and psychodynamic perspective)
• Jean Piaget’s theory

Question 2

(Kohlberg) What is the concept behind Jean Piaget’s thinking?

Answer 2

Children’s thinking (including morals) develops in stages.

Question 3

(Kohlberg) In the 1st stage of moral development, children can’t see the world from anyone else’s _____ __ ____. If someone accidentally breaks a window, it is always wrong. They are unable to take into account the _________ behind the act – only the _____________.

Answer 3

Point of view
Intention
Consequences

Question 4

(Kohlberg) Jean Piaget’s thinking: from age _ children begins to understand that ______ are more complex and that there are ‘grey areas’ of _____ and _____.

Answer 4

8
morals
right
wrong

Question 5

(Kohlberg) What is Level 1 called?

Answer 5

Pre-Conventional

Question 6

(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 called?

Answer 6

Conventional

Question 7

(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 called?

Answer 7

Post-Conventional

Question 8

(Kohlberg) What is Level 1- Stage 1 called?

Answer 8

Orientation towards punishment

Question 9

(Kohlberg) What is Level 1- Stage 2 called?

Answer 9

Orientation towards self-interest

Question 10

(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 - Stage 3 called?

Answer 10

‘Good boy’ and ‘Good girl’ orientation

Question 11

(Kohlberg) What is Level 2 - Stage 4 called?

Answer 11

Orientation towards authority

Question 12

(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 - Stage 5 called?

Answer 12

Social contract orientation

Question 13

(Kohlberg) What is Level 3 - Stage 6 called?

Answer 13

Universal ethical principles

Question 14

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 1.

Answer 14

You listen to rules to avoid being punished.

Question 15

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 2.

Answer 15

You behave in a way that best benefits yourself (to obtain rewards/have favours returned/etc.)

Question 16

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 3.

Answer 16

You worry about what other people will think about you. Want to be seen as good.

Question 17

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 4.

Answer 17

You think about what’s best for society rather than yourself. You follow rules and laws and see them as really important.

Question 18

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 5.

Answer 18

You understand that morals and laws are changeable over time and across cultures. What will benefit most people in the long term?

Question 19

(Kohlberg) Explain the concept behind Stage 6.

Answer 19

You are capable of very abstract moral thinking (based on universal rules) and can take into account all possible positions a person might make when making a moral decision. You ACT on your own morals.

Question 20

(Kohlberg) What level did Kohlberg say the vast majority of adults think at?

Answer 20

Level 2: Conventional

Question 21

(Kohlberg) What level and stage did Kohlberg say around 5% of adults perform at?

Answer 21

Level 3: Stage 5: Social contract orientation

Question 22

(Kohlberg) What level and stage did Kohlberg say only a handful of people in history have reached.

Answer 22

Level 3: Stage 6: Universal ethical principles