Leukocyte Neoplasms Flashcards
increase in WBC’s in blood
malignant proliferation of WBCs
leukemia
increase in the number of myeloblasts in the blood
acute myeloid leukemia
increase in the number of granulocytes in the blood
chronic myeloid leukemia
increase in the number of lymphoblasts in the blood
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
increase in the number of B cells (rarely T cells) in the blood
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
disease of children
fever, fatigue, BONE PAIN
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
peripheral blood
lymphoblasts (ALL)
Tdt+
pre B cell or pre T cell
lymphocyte antigens
primarily T cell
lymphocyte antigens
primarily B cell
usually pre B cell malignancy
CD10+
TdT+
ALL
2 main translocations in ALL
philadelphia t(9:22)
t(12,21)
seen in teens-20s
mediastinal mass
tumor compression can occur (SVCS syndrome)
CD7+
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
malignancy of myeloblasts
adult males
bone marrow suppression sx’s
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Auer rods seen in AML
contain MPO and Auer rods
if MPO spills out into blood, can lead to DIC
myeloblasts in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
t(15;17) translocation
abnormal retinoic acid receptor
DIC
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)
abnormal dysplastic progenitor cells; ineffective hematopoiesis
blasts <20% in blood
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
> 20% blasts in blood
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
malignant disorder of myeloid progenitor cells
chronic myelogenous leukemia
dysregulated production of granulocytes
chronic myelogenous leukemia
classified as myeloproliferative disorder b/c of the over proliferaiton of cells from the myeloid lineage
chronic myelogenous leukemia
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
granulocytes
median WBC 100,000/microL
leukocytosis
low LAP
chronic myelogenous leukemia
normal response to infection
more bands and neutrophils
WBC 17,000
high LAP
leukemoid reaction
translocation hallmark for CML
philadelphia t(9;22)
BCR-ABL fusion gene
what protein is increased due to philadelphia chromosome in CML
(this allows cells to avoid apoptosis)
tyrosine kinase
_____ inhibitors used to treat CML
tyrosine kinase
-tinibs
disorder of naiive lymphocytes (NOT blasts)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
CD5+ and CD20
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
disorder of naiive lymphocytes
lymphocyte count <5000
small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
disorder of naiive lymphocytes
lymphocyte count >5000
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
older adults
pts often asymptomatic
lymphadenopathy, fever, sweats
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
smudge cells seen on peripheral blood smear (peripheral lymphocytes are fragile)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CLL may progress to _____
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
pt w/ known CLL
rapid growth of single lymph node
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
rare
chronic B cell malignancy
CD20, 21, 103
hair like cytoplasmic projections on lymphocytes on peripheral blood smear
hairy cell leukemia
splenomegaly
abdominal pain
dry tap (these cells induce fibrosis)
TRAP staining +
hairy cell leukemia
