Leukocyte abnormalities Flashcards
L shift
immature granulocytes in the blood
pregnancy
infection
myelofibrosis
immature to mature (L to R)
increased granulation (toxic granulation)
bacterial infection
tissue damage
“toxic granulation” but present in all leukocytes (not just granulocytes)
inherited anomaly
Alder-Reilly Anomaly
normal top R
reduced granulation in neutrophil cytoplasm (hypogranulation)
myelodysplastic syndrome
vacuoles in the cytoplasm of granulocytes (toxic vacuoles)
infection
toxic effect of alcohol
small pale blue cytoplasmic inclusions
(Dohle bodies)
infective and inflammatory states
burns
chemo
AD disorder
giant platelets
bright blue Dohle like inclusions in WBC
moderate thrombocytopenia
May-Hegglin Anomaly
increased neutrophils with 6 segments or more
(hypersegmented neutrophils)
megaloblastic anemia
mono or bilobed neutrophils w/ condensed chromatin
(hyposegmentation)
Pelger-Huet anomaly
found in myelodysplastic syndrome
various microorganisms in vacuoles in cytoplasm of neutrophils
(phagocytosed organisms)
bacterial, fungal, protozoal infections
primitive, immature cells seen in acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
circulating blasts
rods in cytoplasm seen in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
have MPO in them
Auer rods
pleomorphic, large w/ abundant basophilic cytoplasm
found in viral infections, bacterial and protozoal; drug rxns, stress, autoimmune
variant (atypical) lymphocytes
small eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm of large lymphocytes
found in viral infections, RA, lymphocytic leukemia
large granular lymphocytosis
common reactive changes
granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes
WBCs
increased in response to acute body stress
can phagocytose and kill microorganisms
most numerous WBC
2-3 segments usually
neutrophils
lymphocytes
transformed into histiocytes upon entrance of the tissues
APCs
monocytes
specialized in killing parasitesand mediate allergic responses
eosinophils
have IgE receptors and mediate hypersensitivity rxns
similar but distinctive from mast cells
least common type of WBC
basophils
-cytosis
-philia
-emia
increased numbers
-penia
decreased numbers
how to distinguish b/t neutrophilia or lymphopenia
absolute counts
10,000 leukocyte count, with 80% segmented (neutrophils) being 8,000=
(lymphocytes being 1,000)
neutrophilia
5,000 leukocyte count (low/normal), 80% of 5,000 is 4,000 (normal for neutrophils), 10% of 5000 is 500, low for lymphocytes =
lymphopenia
if patient is a ______it is normal to have more lymphocytes than segmented neutrophils
child
WBC count higher or lower in hispanics
higher
WBC count higher or lower in blacks
lower
WBC higher or lower in pregnancy
higher
exercise, stress, hypoxia, epinephrine can cause what
neutrophilia
acute or inflammatory reactions and myeloproliferative neoplasms can cause what
neutrophilia
monocytosis seen in what phase of various infections
recovery
seen in allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and drug reactions, and neoplasms
eosinophilia
seen in allergic reactions and myeloproliferative neoplasms
basophilia
seen in viral infections and lymphoproliferative neoplasms
lymphocytosis
neutropenia
main complication of neutropenia
infections
rare
cyclic neutropenia
peds population
congenital neutropenia
Immunodeficiency
Treatments
Steroids(boost neutrophils, but suppress lymphocytes)
Malignancies (bone marrow involvement)
lymphopenia
An increase in the percentage of immature granulocytes or bands in the blood
WBC maturation abnormality
