Leukemia/Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

With an Acute Leukemia, what cells predominate in the blood/BM?

A

> 20% BLASTS

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2
Q

With a Chronic Leukemia, what cells predominate in the blood/BM?

A

Mature cells – NOT blasts

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3
Q

What specific finding in the cells will be seen with Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

A

Auer rods

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4
Q

How do you treat AML with Auer rods?

A

ATRA – All trans retinoic acid

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5
Q

What marker will be positive with Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

A

MPO (+)

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6
Q

What markers (2) will be positive with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

Tdt
CaLLa

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7
Q

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia has a predilection for the CNS. What should be given in addition to chemo/radiation?

A

ARA-c for CNS disease

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8
Q

What translocation is present with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

A

9;22 = BCR-ABL fusion

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9
Q

What translocation is present with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

A

9;22 = BCR-ABL fusion

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10
Q

The BCR-ABL fusion creates a tyrosine kinase protein for CML. What is the specific treatment?

A

Imatinib (TK inhibitor)

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11
Q

If a patient has NONtender LAD, what is the best next step?

A

Excisional biopsy

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12
Q

Following an Excisional biopsy for NONtender LAD, what 3 things need to be done to stage?

A

CXR
CT abdomen/pelvis/chest
BM biopsy

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13
Q

What cells are seen with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg cells
= Bi-lobed Nuclei

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14
Q

Lymphomas often present with what?

A

NONtender LAD

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15
Q

What are the B symptoms?

A

Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Pruritus

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16
Q

What is unique about the LAD with Hodgkins’s Lymphoma?

A

May become painful after alcohol consumption

17
Q

What are Plasma Cell Dyscrasias?

A

Monoclonal expansion of plasma cells in the BM

18
Q

List 3 Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

A
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • MGUS
  • Waldenstrom’s
19
Q

What occurs with Multiple Myeloma?

A

Monoclonal plasma cells secrete IgG, Bence Jones Proteins and (+) Osteoclasts

20
Q

Pneumonic to remember Multiple Myeloma symptoms?

A

CRAB

21
Q

Signs of Multiple Myeloma?

A

CRAB
- Hypercalcemia
- Renal disease
- Anemia
- Bone pain with lytic lesions

22
Q

First test to obtain if concerned about a Plasma Cell Dyscrasia?

A

SPEP (serum electrophoresis)

23
Q

With Multiple Myeloma, what will the Spep, Upep and skeletal survey be?

A

(+)!!
Spep = M spike
Upep = M spike

24
Q

What will be seen on BM biopsy that defines Multiple Myeloma?

A

> 10% plasma cells

25
Q

What will be seen on BM biopsy that defines Multiple Myeloma?

A

> 10% plasma cells

26
Q

With MGUS, what will be the result of the Spep, Upep and skeletal survey?

A

ONLY the Spep is (+)!!
= M spike

27
Q

With MGUS, the patient will likely be asymptomatic with what?

A

Elevated protein gap > 4

28
Q

Treatment for MGUS?

A

Observe to see if it transitions into Multiple Myeloma

29
Q

What do the plasma cells secrete with Waldenstrom’s?

A

IgM

30
Q

How will Waldenstrom’s present?

A

Hyperviscosity syndrome
– tortuous retinal veins!

31
Q

What will a BM biopsy show with Waldenstrom’s?

A

> 10% LYMPHOMA

32
Q

What will a BM biopsy show with Waldenstrom’s?

A

> 10% LYMPHOMA

33
Q

What is the treatment for Waldenstrom’s?

A

Rituximab

34
Q

First test to get that is likely positive with all etiologies of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias?

A

Spep!

35
Q

Signs of Multiple Myeloma?

A

CRAB
- Hypercalcemia
- Renal disease
- Anemia
- Bone pain with lytic lesions

36
Q

What is a possible complication of AML?

A

Life-threatening hemorrhage