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COMAT - IM > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts

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2
Q

With what condition is Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis commonly seen with?

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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3
Q

How will Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis present?

A

Like ascending cholangitis
= RUQ pain, jaundice, fever, AMS, hypotension

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4
Q

How do you diagnose Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis? What will be seen?

A

MRCP = Beads on a string

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5
Q

What is Primary Biliary Cholangitis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts

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6
Q

What antibody will be (+) with Primary Biliary Cholangitis?

A

Anti-Mitochondrial antibody

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Primary Biliary Cholangitiis?

A

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

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8
Q

What gene is mutated with Wilson’s Disease?

A

ATP7B

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9
Q

What is the physiology behind Wilson’s Disease?

A

Reduced Ceruloplasmin formation and copper excretion

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10
Q

What 3 places does copper commonly deposit with Wilson’s Disease?

A

Eye
Liver
Brain - Basal Ganglia

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11
Q

Levels of Ceruloplasmin and Urine Copper with Wilson’s Disease?

A

LOW Ceruloplasmin
HIGH Urine Copper

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Wilson’s Disease?

A

Copper chelators like Penicillamine

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13
Q

What is the physiology behind Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

Increased iron absorption that is unable to be inhibited

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14
Q

What are some signs of Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A
  • Bronze Diabetes Mellitus
  • Arthropathy – commonly MCP joints
  • Hypogonadism
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Hepatomegaly
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15
Q

What are some signs of Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A
  • Bronze Diabetes Mellitus
  • Arthropathy – commonly MCP joints
  • Hypogonadism
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Cardiomegaly
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16
Q

What lab value is extremely HIGH with Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

Ferritin!

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17
Q

What is the treatment for Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

Phlebotomy

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18
Q

Which Hepatitis viruses are DNA viruses?

A

B and D

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19
Q

Which Hepatitis virus is self-limited and transferred fecal-oral?

A

Hepatitis A

20
Q

What antibody to Hepatitis B will only be present if you obtained Hepatitis B through exposure?

A

IgG HBcAg

21
Q

The liver normally metabolizes what 2 things that are the mainstay of Cirrhosis symptoms?

A

Ammonium
Estrogen

22
Q

What are the signs (2) of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

A

AMS
Asterixis

23
Q

Treatment for Hepatic Encephalopathy?

A

Lactulose

24
Q

What symptoms are caused by Estrogen Overload with Cirrhosis?

A

Gynecomastia
Spider Angiomata
Palmar Erythema

25
Q

What 3 symptoms with Cirrhosis are caused by Portal HTN?

A

Thrombocytopenia
Ascites
Varices

26
Q

If the SAAG score is > ____ Cirrhosis is to blame for the Ascites

A

> 1.1

27
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment for Ascites with Cirrhosis (2)?

A

Furosemide and Spironolactone

28
Q

4 ways to treat bleeding varices?

A
  • EGD with banding
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Octreotide
  • Beta blockers to reduce pressure
29
Q

4 ways to treat bleeding varices?

A
  • EGD with banding
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Octreotdie
  • Beta blockers to reduce pressure
30
Q

What is a common complication of Ascites?

A

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

31
Q

How can you diagnose Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis?

A

Paracentesis shows > 250 PMNs in ascitic fluid

32
Q

What is the treatment for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis?

A

Ceftriaxone

33
Q

Whipple disease is an infectious disease caused by Tropheryma Whippelii. It has many possible symptoms. What GI organ is affected?

A

Small Bowel

34
Q

What is characteristic of Whipple Disease?

A

PAS (+) material in lamina propria

35
Q

What is Angiodysplasia?

A

Dilated submucosal veins and AV malformations in the RIGHT colon

36
Q

What will be present intermittently with Angiodysplasia?

A

Intermittent painless GI bleeding
– AV malformations in the RIGHT colon

37
Q

How is Angiodysplasia diagnosed and does it need treatment?

A

Colonoscopy
– Does not usually need to be treated

38
Q

What is Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis?

A

Attack of the parietal cells and IF

39
Q

How will Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis present?

A

Postprandial pain and bloating with a Macrocytic anemia
– Attack of parietal cells and IF

40
Q

What lab change can be seen with Chronic Pancreatitis?

A

LOW fecal elastase

41
Q

Signs of Chronic Pancreatitis?

A
  • Recurrent epigastric pain
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Steatorrhea
  • Vitamin ADEK deficiencies
42
Q

What symptom occurs and when with Gilbert Syndrome?

A

Episodes of mild jaundice provoked by a stress factor

43
Q

Gilbert Syndrome has LOW activity of?

A

UDP Glucuronyltransferase
==> LOW conjugation of bilirubin

44
Q

What lab value will be elevated with Gilbert syndrome?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin

45
Q

What should occur if you perform the D-xylose test?

A

D-xylose should be absorbed in small bowel and excreted in the urine

46
Q

If there is LOW D-xylose in the urine, what does that mean?

A

There is a Small Bowel disease that is preventing its absorption there

COMAT - IM (17 decks)

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