Lesson7&8

Question 1

Modern genetics began with Gregor Mendel in

Answer 1

1865

Question 2

models work was largely ignored until

Answer 2

1900

Question 3

Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution

Answer 3

Theodosius Dobzhansky(1973)

Question 4

Dominance

Answer 4

Heterozygote phenotype resembles only one of the homozygotes

Question 5

Incomplete dominance

Answer 5

Heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes

Question 6

Codominance

Answer 6

heterozygote phenotype is a mix between the two extreme homozygotes

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Set of alley that an individual has

Question 8

population

Answer 8

all individuals of species living in a given place- can potentially interbreed.

Question 9

Population genetics

Answer 9

Addresses origin, maintenance, structure and evolutionary change of genetic variation and allele frequencies in populations

Question 10

features of hardy-weinberg Equilibrium(HWE)
- Assumptions

Answer 10

1) Infinite populatioon size
2) no gene flow
3) no mutations
4) random mating
5) no selection

Question 11

Important features of Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium(HWE)
- Implications

Answer 11

• Ideal population at HWE will not evolve; Allele frequencies in offspring population will be identical to allele frequencies in their parent population
• Population will evolve; allele frequencies will change from one generation to the next
• Assumptions of HWE are unrealistic
• Nearly all populations evolve

Question 12

Important features of HWE
- summary

Answer 12

• Allele frequencies p and q correspond to different genotype frequencies in a natural population
• P and Q cannot predict frequencies in a given natural population
• ## given p and q, the HWE equation predicts genotype frequencies in a theoretical/ ideal population

Question 13

Frameshifts and substitutions

Answer 13

• Simple changes at the genetic level can cause major changes in phenotypes and increase phenotypic variation

Question 14

Mutation rate

Answer 14

• Rate of change in DNA sequence due to copying errors, external factors(UV radiation, X-rays) expressed as
  number of mutations per nucleotide per generation