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General Biology II Lecture > lesson 12 > Flashcards

lesson 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

Males perform species-specific courtship ritual recognized by females that belong to the same species.

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2
Q

Hybrid breakdown

A

Hybrid (F1) is viable and not sterile, but progeny of hybrid (F2) and subsequent generations (F3, F4, F5, etc.) have lower fitness.

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3
Q

Reduced hybrid viability/fertility

A

Hybrid o!spring develops successfully, but usually unfit, dies before reproductive age, or is sterile.

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4
Q

Possible to create a humanzee?

A

no

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5
Q

Issues with Biological Species Concept

A
  • Reproductive isolation may not be the only force maintaining species integrity.
  • Interspecific hybridization.
  • 50% of California plant species, in one study, not well defined by genetic isolation.
  • 10% of world’s 10,000+ bird species known to hybridize in nature.
  • Difficult to apply the concept to populations that are geographically separated in nature
  • Many species that do not hybridize in the wild will do so in captivity
  • Many organisms are asexual
  • Possible that different processes maintain species identity in di!erent organisms
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6
Q

Ecological species concept

A
  • Each species adapted to its environment
  • Distinctions among species are maintained by natural selection.
  • Stabilizing selection maintains the species’ adaptations.
  • Hybrids are quickly eliminated from gene pool.
  • In some cases, strong selection overwhelms gene flow.
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7
Q

Lisa of things that can go wrong during reproduction

A
  • in fertilization
  • gametic isolation: games are not compatible
  • reduce hybrid viability
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8
Q

mechanical isolation

A
  • Imcomplatible reproductive organs
  • members of the same species
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9
Q

each specie is adopted to……

A

its own enviroment

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10
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

fossil record- equilibrium is broken

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11
Q

if change gradually

A

expects gradually

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12
Q
  1. Evolutionary theory implies that life evolved (and continues to evolve) randomly, or by chance
A

is not random- by chance

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13
Q
  1. Evolution results in progress; organisms are always getting better through evolution.
A

yes, to increase their fitness and adopt to its ecological condition

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14
Q
  1. Individual organisms can evolve during a single lifespan
A

Evolution appears at the rate of population

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15
Q
  1. Evolution only occurs slowly and gradually.
A

no, it changes a lot, mutation, efficient rate, genetic diversity

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16
Q
  1. Because evolution is slow, humans cannot influence it.
A

sometimes occurs quickly. And since humans often cause major changes in the environment, we are frequently the instigators of evolution in other organisms.

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17
Q
  1. Genetic drift only occurs in small populations.
A

Genetic drift has a larger effect on small populations, but the process occurs in all populations

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18
Q
  1. Natural selection is not operating on humans currently.
A

no

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19
Q
  1. Species are distinct natural entities that can be easily recognized by anyone
A

Many of us are familiar with the biological species concept, which defines a species as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature. That definition of a species might seem cut and dried — and for many organisms (e.g., mammals), it works well — but in many other cases, this definition is difficult to apply. F8. Species are distinct natural entities that can be easily recognized by anyone

20
Q
  1. Natural selection involves organisms trying to adapt.
A

environmental pressure- natural selection does not give it to them

21
Q
  1. Natural selection acts for the good of the species.
A

no, fitness organism

22
Q
  1. The fittest organisms in a population are those that are strongest, healthiest, fastest, etc.
A

no, the one who survives is the fitness

23
Q

12.Natural selection is about survival of the very fittest individuals in a population.

A

you have to be the fitness- higher chance of survival

24
Q
  1. Natural selection produces organisms perfectly suited to their environments.
A

no, if true there will not be variation (mutation and SR)

25
Q
  1. All traits of organisms are adaptations.
A

no, examples are the appendix, finger prints ad even hair color

26
Q
  1. Each trait is influenced by one Mendelian locus
A

Most traits are polygenic- many traits

27
Q

16) Each locus has only two alleles.

A

execution, gene section

28
Q
  1. Evolution is not science because it is not observable or testable.
A

Evolution is just a theory

29
Q
  1. Evolution is just a theory.
A

true

30
Q

19( Evolutionary theory is invalid because it is incomplete and cannot provide a total explanation for the biodiversity we see around us.

A

true

31
Q
  1. Gaps in the fossil record disprove evolution.
A

true

32
Q

number of gaps in fossil record=

A

number of transitional forms + 1

33
Q

Natural selection always optimizes traits.

A

false

34
Q

Somatic mutations are heritabl

A

false, they are heritable

35
Q

Natural selection is a random process.

A

false- nonrandom

36
Q

Malthus Populations grow exponentially

A

true

37
Q

Lamarck
Inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

true

38
Q

Tiktaalik
Transitional form between reptiles and birds

A

true

39
Q

Cuvier Gradualism

A

false-

40
Q

Bird and insect wings are analogous traits.

A

true

41
Q

Darwin believed in blending inheritance

A

true

42
Q

Skull size in newborns is under stabilizing selection

A

true

43
Q

The most widely accepted model of speciation is sympatric speciation

A

false- allopatric

44
Q

Allopatric speciation is less likely to occur than sympatric speciation.

A

Allopatric speciation is more likely to occur than sympatric speciation.

45
Q

Mechanical isolation is a prezygotic barrier.

A

true- no fertilization occurs

46
Q

Heterozygote advantage maintains genetic variation in populations.

A

true

General Biology II Lecture (25 decks)

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