Lesson 10

Question 1

kleinfelter’s syndrome

Answer 1

XXY- born with an extra chromosome

Question 2

Down syndrome or……

Answer 2

trisomy 21

Question 3

Triple X Syndrome

Answer 3

xxx neutral mutation

Question 4

Mutations

Answer 4

caused by mutagens and/or copying errors during DNA replication

Question 5

Sexual reproduction

Answer 5

recombination during meiosis results in the production of genetically unique gametes

Question 6

Gene duplication

Answer 6

New copies of existing genes evolve new function

Question 7

Heterozygous advantage

Answer 7

Heterozygote has higher fitness than either homozygote, resulting in higher than expected frequency of a deleterious recessive allele

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

DNA replication/ cell division during growth and development (in a multicellular organism)
- 1 diploid (2n) cell replicates chromosomes (4n) and divides once, resulting in two diploid (2n)
- N refers to the haploid chromosome number. N for humans=23 N for fruit fly=4

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

• DNA replication/cell division during the production of gametes (sperm and egg)
• 1 diploid cell (2n) duplicates chromosomes (4n) and then undergoes two divisions, resulting in four haploid (n) gametes
• Recombination during meiosis is an important source of variation in populations

Question 10

Why do “bad genes” stick around?

Answer 10

• sickle cell anemia is deleterious and recessive
• SS= no sickle cell - not resistant to malaria
• Ss= some sickle cell- resistant to malaria
• ss= sickle cell anemia

Question 11

Nondisjunction causes aneuploidy?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Heterozygote advantage decreases genetic variation in populations.

Answer 12

false- it maintains genetic variation

Question 13

When does sister chromatids recombination occur in?

Answer 13

Meiosis I

Question 14

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a synonymous mutation.

Answer 14

True- caused by synonymous mutation

Question 15

Monophyletic group=

Answer 15

clade

Question 16

Synapomorphy

Answer 16

shared derived trait

Question 17

Plesiomorphy

Answer 17

ancestral trait

Question 18

Maximum Parimony

Answer 18

Best tree uses fewest number of transitions to account for gains/losses of traits i.e., best tree is the tree with the fewest tick marks.
Assumes homoplasies (convergent traits) are rare.

Question 19

Problem with Maximum Parsimony

Answer 19

homoplasies / convergent evolution The maximum parsimony approach to phylogenetic reconstruction does not always reveal true evolutionary relationships among taxa.

Question 20

The above set contains ___ unique trees.

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Vertebral column is a plesiomorphy of terrestrial (land) animals.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

The maximum parsimony method of phylogenetic reconstruction assumes all of the following except

Answer 22

B) the phylogenetic tree with the greatest number of transitions is the best tree

Question 23

The human genome contains approximately ___ base pairs.

Answer 23

C) 3 billion

Question 24

The human genome contains approximately ___ genes

Answer 24

C) 20,000