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Anaphy > Lesson (Final) > Flashcards

Lesson (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system classifications are based on!

A
  • Structures (structural classification)
  • Activities ( functional classification)
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2
Q

Structural Classification:

A
  • Central Nervous system (CNS)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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3
Q

Organs of the Central Nervous system:

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
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4
Q

Function of the Central Nervous system:

A
  • Integration
  • Interprets
  • Issues
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5
Q

command center

A

Integration

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6
Q

Incoming sensory information

A

Interprets

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7
Q

Outgoing instructions

A

Issues

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord:

A

*Spinal nerves
*Cranial nerves

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9
Q

Carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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10
Q

Carry impulses to and from the brain

A

Cranial nerves

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11
Q

Function:
Serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain cord and glands or muscles

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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12
Q

Functional classification:

A

*Sensory (afferent) division
* Motor (efferent) division

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13
Q

Nerve fiber that carry information to the central Nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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14
Q

Two sensory in the Sensory (afferent) division:

A
  • Somatic Sensory
  • Visceral sensory
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15
Q

Fibers carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

A

Somatic Sensory

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16
Q

Fibers carry information from visceral organs

A

Visceral sensory

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17
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system organs to effector organs (muscles and glands)

A

Motor (efferent) division

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18
Q

Two subdivisions of the motor division:

A
  • Somatic Nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
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19
Q

Subdivisions of the Motor division:

Voluntary

A

Somatic Nervous system

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20
Q

Subdivisions of the Motor division:

Involuntary

A

Autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

Consciously (voluntarily) controls skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system

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22
Q

Automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous system further divided into:

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
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24
Q

Support cells in the CNS are grouped together as?

A

Neuroglia

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25
Q

General functions of neuroglia:

A
  • Support
  • Insulate
  • Protect neurons
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26
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of two principal cell types:

A
  • Supporting cells (called neuroglia, glial cells, or glia
  • Neurons
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27
Q

CNS glial cells:

A

*astrocytes
* Microglia
* Ependymal cells
* Oligodendrocytes

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28
Q

Abundant, star- shaped cells

A

Astrocytes

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29
Q

The most abundant and versatile neuroglia

A

Astrocytes

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30
Q

Spiderlike phagocytes

A

Microglia

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31
Q

Dispose of debris

A

Microglia

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32
Q

Lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

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33
Q

Cilia assists with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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34
Q

Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

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35
Q

Produce myelin sheaths

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

Functions of the nervous system:

A
  • Sensory Input
  • Integration
  • Motor output
37
Q

Gathering information

A

Sensory input

38
Q

Sensory receptors monitor changes called stimuli, occurring inside and outside the body

A

Sensory input

39
Q

Nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides whether action is needed

A

Integration

40
Q

A response, or effect, activated muscles or glands

A

Motor output

41
Q

White, fatty material covering axons

A

Myelin

42
Q

Wrap axons in a jelly roll like fashion (PNS) to form the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

43
Q

Two types of schwann cells:

A
  • Neurilemma
  • Nodes of Ranvier
44
Q

Part of the schwann cells external to the myelin sheath

A

Neurilemma

45
Q

Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

A

Nodes of Ranvier

46
Q

Produce myelin sheaths around axons of the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

47
Q

Lack neurilemma

A

Oligodendrocytes

48
Q

Types of terminology:

A
  • nuclei
  • Ganglia
  • Tracts
  • Nerves
  • White matter
  • Gray matter
49
Q

Clusters of the bodies in the CNS

A

Nuclei

50
Q

Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS in the PNS

A

Ganglia

51
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS

A

Tracts

52
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS

A

Nerves

53
Q

Collections of myelinated fibers (tracts)

A

White matter

54
Q

Mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

A

Gray matter

55
Q

Structural Classification:

A
  • multipolar neurons
  • Bipolar neurons
  • Unipolar neurons
56
Q

Based on the number of processes extending from the cell body

A

Structural Classification

57
Q

Many extensions from the cell body

A

Multipolar neurons

58
Q

Most common structural type

A

Multipolar neurons

59
Q

Have a short single process leaving the cell body

A

Unipolar

60
Q

Functional properties of neurons:

A
  • irritability
  • Conductivity
61
Q

Ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse

A

Irritability

62
Q

Ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons muscles or glands

A

Conductivity

63
Q

is the major positive ion inside the cell

A

K+

64
Q

is the major positive ion outside the cell

A

Na+

65
Q

Membrane permeability changes again —becoming impermeable to sodium ions and permeable to potassium ion

A

Repolarization

66
Q

Involves restoring the inside of the membrane to a negative charge and the outer surface to a positive charge

A

Repolarization

67
Q

PNS glial cells:

A
  • Schwann cells
  • Satellite cells
68
Q

Form myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

69
Q

Protect and cushion neuron cell bodies

A

Satellite cells

70
Q

Nerve cells

A

Neurons

71
Q

Cells specialized in transmit messages (nerve impulses)

A

Neurons

72
Q

Major regions of all neurons:

A
  • cell body
  • Processes
73
Q

Nucleus and metabolic center of the cell

A

Cell body

74
Q

Fiber that extend from the cell body

A

Processes

75
Q

Metabolic center of the neuron

A

Cell body

76
Q

Types of cell body:

A
  • Nucleus
  • Nissl bodies
  • Neurofibrils
77
Q

with large nucleolus

A

Nucleus

78
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nissl bodies

79
Q

Intermediate filaments that maintain cell shape

A

Neurofibrils

80
Q

are rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

A

Reflexes

81
Q

Reflexes occur over neural pathways called?

A

Reflex arcs

82
Q

Two types of reflexes:

A
  • Somatic Reflexes
  • Autonomic Reflexes
83
Q

4 types of processes (fiber):

A
  • Dendrites
  • Axons
  • Synaptic cleft
  • Synapse
84
Q

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

85
Q

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

Axons

86
Q

Gap between axon terminals and the next neuron

A

Synaptic cleft

87
Q

Functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

A

Synapse

Anaphy (8 decks)

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