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Anaphy > Lesson 2 Semi Final > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Semi Final Flashcards

1
Q

Elimination of waste products;

A

Nitrogenous wastes
Toxins
Drugs
Excess ions

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2
Q

Regulate aspects of homeostasis;

A

Water balance
Electrolytes
Acid-base balance in the blood
Blood pressure (renin)
Red blood cell production (erythropoietin)
Activation of vitamin D

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3
Q

Organs of the urinary system;

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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4
Q

Against the dorsal body wall

A

Location of the kidneys

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5
Q

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left

A

Location of kidneys

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6
Q

Atop each kidney is an?

A

Adrenal gland

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7
Q

Surrounds each kidney

A

Renal capsule

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8
Q

The three protective layers enclose the kidney;

A

Fibrous capsule
Perirenal fat capsule
Renal fascia

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9
Q

Encloses each kidney

A

Fibrous capsule

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10
Q

Surround the kidney and cushions against blows

A

Perirenal fat capsule

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11
Q

The most superficial layer that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures

A

Renal fascia

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12
Q

Provides protection to the kidney

A

Adipose capsule

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13
Q

Helps keep the kidney in its correct location

A

Adipose capsule

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14
Q

Triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Medullary pyramids

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15
Q

Extensions of cortex ike material inward

A

Renal column

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16
Q

Cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

A

Calyces

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17
Q

Coverings of the kidneys;

A

Renal capsule
Adipose capsule
Medullary pyramids
Renal column
Calyces

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18
Q

The structural and functional unit of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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19
Q

Responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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20
Q

Main structures of the nephrons;

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

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21
Q

A specialized capillary bed

A

Glomerulus

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22
Q

Glomerulus

Attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure);

A

Large afferent arteriole
Narrow efferent arteriole

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23
Q

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

A

Renal tubule

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24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Renal tubule

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25
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Renal tubule

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26
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Renal tubule

27
Q

Types of nephrons;

A

Cortical nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons

28
Q

Located entirely in the cortex

A

Cortical nephrons

29
Q

Includes most nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons

30
Q

Found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

31
Q

There are no segmental veins

A

Venous blood flow

32
Q

Arise from an efferent arteriole of the glomerulus

A

Peritubular capillaries

33
Q

Attached to a venule

A

Peritubular capillaries

34
Q

Cling close to the renal tubule

A

Peritubular capillaries

35
Q

Urine formation processes;

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

36
Q

Non selective passive process

A

Filtration

37
Q

The peritubular capillaries reabsorb several materials

A

Reabsorption

38
Q

reabsorb several materials;

A

Some water
Glucose
Amino acids
Ions

39
Q

Materials not reabsorb
• Nitrogenous waste products;

A

Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine

40
Q

Some materials move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules;

A

Hydrogen and potassium ions
Creatinine

41
Q

In 24 hours, about how many liters of urine produced?

A

About 1.0 to 1.8 liters

42
Q

Slender tubes attaching the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureters

43
Q

Smooth collapsible muscular sac

A

Urinary bladder

44
Q

Temporarily stores urine

A

Urinary bladder

45
Q

Three openings

A

Trigone

46
Q

Thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis

A

Urethra

47
Q

Release of urine is controlled by two sphincter;

A

Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
External urethral sphincter (voluntary)

48
Q

Urethra gender differences
• Length

Females-

A

3-4 cm (1 inch)

49
Q

Urethra gender differences
• Length

Male-

A

20 cm (8 inches)

50
Q

Urethra gender differences
• Location

  • along wall of the vagina
A

Female

51
Q

Urethra gender differences
• Location

  • through the prostate and penis
A

Males

52
Q

Only carries urine

A

Females

53
Q

Carries urine and is a passageway of sperm cells

A

Males

54
Q

Both sphincter muscles must open to allow voiding

A

Micturition (Voiding)

55
Q

Normal amount of water in human body
*Young adults females:

A

50%

56
Q

Normal amount of water in human body
*Young adults males:

A

60%

57
Q

Normal amount of water in human body
* Babies:

A

75%

58
Q

Normal amount of water in human body
*Old age:

A

45%

59
Q

pH above 7.45

A

Alkalosis

60
Q

pH below 7.35

A

Acidosis

61
Q

Other acid- base controlling system;

A

Blood buffers
Respiration

62
Q

Molecules react to prevent dramatic changes in hydrogen ion (H+) concentrations

A

Blood buffers

63
Q

Three major chemical buffer systems;

A

Bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system

Anaphy (7 decks)

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