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Anaphy > Lesson 3 (Semi Final) > Flashcards

Lesson 3 (Semi Final) Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organs

A

Gonads

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2
Q

Male gametes

A

Sperm

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3
Q

Female gametes

A

Ova (eggs)

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4
Q

Anatomy of the Male reproductive system;

A

• Testes
• Duct System
• Accessory Organs
• External Genitalia

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5
Q

Duct System;

A

• Epididymis
• Ductus (vas) Deferens
• Urethra

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6
Q

Accessory Organs;

A

• Seminal Glands
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands

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7
Q

Accessory Organs;

A

• Seminal Glands
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands

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8
Q

External Genitalia;

A

• Penis
• Scrotum

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9
Q

Connected to the trunk via the spermatic cord

A

Testes

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10
Q

Testes:

which houses;

A

• Blood Vessels
• Nerves
• Ductus Deferens

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11
Q

Coverings of the Testes;

A

• Tunica albuginea
• Septa

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12
Q

Capsule that surrounds each testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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13
Q

Extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules

A

Septa

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14
Q

Transports sperm from the body

A

Duct System

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15
Q

Highly convoluted tube 6 m (20 ft) long

A

Epididymis

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16
Q

First part of the male duct system

A

Epididymis

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17
Q

Found along the posterior lateral side of the testis

A

Epididymis

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18
Q

Runs from the epididymis via the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal and arches over the urinary bladder

A

Ductus (vas) Deferens

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19
Q

End of the ductus deferens, which empties into the ejaculatory duct

A

Ampulla

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20
Q

Passes through the prostate to merge with the urethra

A

Ejaculatory duct

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21
Q

Moves sperm by peristalsis into the urethra

A

Ductus deferens

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22
Q

Smooth muscle in the walls of the ductus deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze sperm forward

A

Ejaculation

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23
Q

Cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes prevents transportation of sperm (form of birth control)

A

Vasectomy

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24
Q

Extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis

A

Urethra

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25
Q

Carries both urine and sperm

A

Urethra

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26
Q

Sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

A

Urethra

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27
Q

Urethra regions;

A
  1. Prostatic
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy (penile) urethra
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28
Q

Surrounded by prostate gland

A

Prostatic urethra

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29
Q

Prostatic urethra to penis

A

Membranous urethra

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30
Q

Runs the length of the penis to the external urethral orifice

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

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31
Q

Accessory glands and Semen;

A

• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands

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32
Q

Located at the base of the bladder

A

Seminal Vesicles

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33
Q

Produce a thick, yellowish secretion (60%) that contains;

A

• Fructose
• Vitamin C
• Prostaglandins
• Other substances that nourish and activate sperm

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34
Q

Encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra

A

Prostate

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35
Q

Secretes milky fluid

A

Prostate

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36
Q

Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate

A

Bulbourethral Glands

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37
Q

Produce a thick, clear mucus

A

Bulbourethral Glands

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38
Q

Milky white mixture of sperm and accessory glands secretion

A

Semen

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39
Q

External Genitalia;

A

Scrotum
Penis

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40
Q

Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temperature

A

Scrotum

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41
Q

Maintains how many Celsius lower than normal body temperature?

A

3°C

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42
Q

Male organ of copulation that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

Penis

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43
Q

Regions of the penis;

A

• Shaft
• Glans Penis (enlarged tip)
• Prepuce (foreskin)

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44
Q

Chief roles of the male in the reproductive process;

A
  • Produce Sperm
  • Produce a hormone, testosterone
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45
Q

Begins at puberty and continues throughout life

A

Sperm production

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46
Q

Each division of spermatogonium stem cell produces;

A
  • Type A daughter cells
  • Type B daughter cells
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47
Q

A stem cell, continues the stem cell population

A

Type A daughter cell

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48
Q

Which becomes a primary spermatocyte, destined to undergo meiosis and form four sperm

A

Type B daughter cell

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49
Q

Special type of nuclear division that differs from mitosis

A

Meiosis

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50
Q

Occurs in the Gonads

A

Meiosis

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51
Q

Includes two successive divisions of the nucleus

A

Meiosis I and II

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52
Q

Results in four daughter cells

A

Gametes

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53
Q

Gametes are spermatids with how many chromosomes?

A

23

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54
Q

Union of the sperm with an egg

A

23 chromosomes, n

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55
Q

Creates a zygote

A

2n or 43 chromosomes

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56
Q

Spermatids are nonmotile and not functional as sperm

A

Spermiogenesis

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57
Q

A streamlining process is needed to strip excess cytoplasm from a spermatid and modify it into a sperm

A

Spermiogenesis

58
Q

A sperm has three regions;

A

Head
Midpiece
Tail

59
Q

Acrosome sits anterior to the sperm head

A

Nucleus

60
Q

The entire process of spermatogenesis, including spermiogenesis, takes how many days?

A

64 to 72 days

61
Q

Testerone Production:

• During Puberty;

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone

62
Q

Begins prodding seminiferous tubules to produce sperm

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

63
Q

Begins activating the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

A

Luteinizing hormone

64
Q

Most important hormonal product of the testes

A

Testosterone

65
Q

Underlies sex drive

A

Testosterone

66
Q

Causes secondary sex characteristics;

A
  • Deepening of voice
  • Increased hair growth
  • Enlargement of skeletal muscles
  • Increased bone growth and density
67
Q

Anatomy of the female reproductive system;

A
  • Ovaries
  • Duct System
  • External Genitalia
68
Q

Produce eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

A

Ovaries

69
Q

Each ovary houses ovarian follicles consisting of;

A

Oocyte
Follicle cells

70
Q

Immature egg

A

Oocyte

71
Q

Layers of different cells that surround the oocyte

A

Follicle cells

72
Q

Contain an immature oocyte

A

Primary follicle

73
Q

Growing follicle with a maturing oocyte

A

Vesicular (Graafian) follicle

74
Q

The follicle ruptures when the egg is mature and ready to be ejected from the ovary, occurs about 28 days

A

Ovulation

75
Q

Transformed into a corpus luteum

A

Ruptured follicle

76
Q

Anatomy of the female reproductive system:

• Duct System;

A
  • Uterine (fallopian) Tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
77
Q

From the initial part of the duct system

A

Uterine (fallopian) Tubes

78
Q

Receive the ovulated oocyte from the ovaries

A

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

79
Q

Uterine (fallopian) tube structure:

A

*Infundibulum
* Fimbriae

80
Q

Distal, funnel shaped end

A

Infundibulum

81
Q

Finger like projections of the infundibulum

A

Fimbriae

82
Q

Situated between the urinary bladder and rectum

A

Uterus

83
Q

Size and shape of a pear, in a woman who has never been pregnant

A

Uterus

84
Q

Receives, retains nourishes a fertilized egg

A

Uterus

85
Q

Regions of the uterus;

A
  • Body
  • Fundus
  • Cervix
86
Q

Main Portion

A

Body

87
Q

Superior rounded region above where uterine tube enters

A

Fundus

88
Q

Narrow outlet that protrudes into the vagina

A

Cervix

89
Q

Layers of the uterus;

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium
90
Q

Inner layer (mucosa

A

Endometrium

91
Q

The middle layer of smooth muscle that contracts during labor

A

Myometrium

92
Q

The outermost serous layer of the uterus

A

Perimetrium

93
Q

Passageway that extends from cervix to exterior of the body and is located between urinary and rectum

A

Vagina

94
Q

Serve as a canal that allows baby or menstrual flow to leave the body

A

Vagina

95
Q

Partially closes the vagina until it is ruptured

A

Hymen

96
Q

The female external Genitalia, or vulva includes;

A
  • mons pubis
  • Labia
  • Clitoris
  • Urethral orifice
  • Vaginal orifice
  • Greater vestibular glands
97
Q

Fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis

A

Mons pubis

98
Q

Covered with hair after puberty

A

Mons pubis

99
Q

Skin folds

A

Labia

100
Q

Hair covered skin folds

A

Labia majora

101
Q

Enclose the labia minora

A

Labia majora

102
Q

Delicate, hair free folds of skin

A

Labia minora

103
Q

Enclosed by labia majora

A

Vestibule

104
Q

Contains external openings of the urethra and vagina

A

Vestibule

105
Q

One is found on each side of the vagina

A

Greater vestibular glands

106
Q

Contains erectile tissue

A

Clitoris

107
Q

Corresponds to male penis

A

Clitoris

108
Q

Diamond shaped region between the anterior ends of the labial folds, anus posteriorly, and ischial tuberosities laterally

A

Perineum

109
Q

The process of producing ova (eggs)

A

Oogenesis

110
Q

Female stem cells found in a developing fetus

A

Oogonia

111
Q

Inactive until puberty

A

Primary oocyte

112
Q

Produces four functional sperm

A

Males

113
Q

Produces one functional ovum and three tiny polar bodies

A

Females

114
Q

Tiny, motile and equipped with nutrients in seminal fluid

A

Sperm

115
Q

Large, is non-motile and has nutrient reserves to nourish the embryo until implantation

A

Egg

116
Q

HORMONE PRODUCTION BY THE OVARIES

Produce by follicle cells

A

Estrogens

117
Q

HORMONE PRODUCTION BY THE OVARIES

Produced by the corpus luteum

A

Progesterone

118
Q

Stages of the menstrual cycle;

A
  • Menstrual phase
  • Proliferative stage
  • Secretory stage
119
Q

Present in both sexes, but function only in females

A

Mammary Glands

120
Q

Parts of the mammary glands;

A
  • Areola
  • Nipple
  • Lobes
  • Lobules
  • Alveolar glands
  • Lactiferous ducts
  • Lactiferous sinus
121
Q

Central pigmented area

A

Areola

122
Q

Protruding central area of areola

A

Nipple

123
Q

Internal structures that radiate around nipple

A

Lobes

124
Q

Located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands

A

Lobules

125
Q

Produce milk when a woman is lactating (producing milk)

A

Alveolar glands

126
Q

Connect alveolar glands to nipple

A

Lactiferous ducts

127
Q

Dilated portion where milk accumulates

A

Lactiferous sinus

128
Q

X-ray examination that detects breast cancers too small to feel

A

Mammography

129
Q

Often signaled by a change in skin texture, puckering, or leakage from the nipple

A

Breast cancer

130
Q

Time from fertilization until infant is born

A

Pregnancy

131
Q

Developing offspring

A

Conceptus

132
Q

Period of time from fertilization until week 8

A

Embryo

133
Q

Week 9 until birth

A

Fetus

134
Q

From the date of the last period until birth (approximately 280 days)

A

Gestation period

135
Q

First cell of a new individual

A

Zygote

136
Q

The result of the fusion of DNA from sperm and egg

A

Zygote

137
Q

Rapid series of mitotic divisions that begins with the zygote

A

Cleavage

138
Q

Hollow, ball-like structure of 100 cells or more

A

Blastocyst (Chorionic vesicle)

139
Q

Functional areas of the blastocyst;

A
  • Trophoblast
  • Inner cell mass
140
Q

Large fluid-filled sphere

A

Trophoblast

141
Q

Cluster of cells to one side

A

Inner cell mass

Anaphy (7 decks)

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