Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology Lecture > Lesson 9: The Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Lesson 9: The Mycobacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the bacteria:

Rod-shaped
Non-motile
Non-encapsulated
Non-spore forming
Strictly aerobic
Catalase (+)
Produces Much’s granules (inclusion bodies)

A

Mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inclusion body of Mycobacteria?

A

Much’s granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Repels the action of gram-stain that is the reason why Mycobacterium is stained with acid fast staining

A

Mycolic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mordant for Mycobacteria when using acid-fast stain?

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Heating is the principle of what technique?

A

Ziehl-Neelssen Technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cold method uses “detergent” which is the principle of?

A

Kinyoun method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stains are difficult to be decolorized in mycobacteria because of the presence of?

A

Mycolic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 major groups of Mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Mycobacterium leprae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification of Mycobacterium based on PHOTOREACTIVITY

produce carotene pigment upon exposure to light

A

Photochromogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classification of Mycobacterium based on PHOTOREACTIVITY

produce carotene pigment in light or dark

A

Scotochromogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification of Mycobacterium based on PHOTOREACTIVITY

No pigment; these colonies are a buff color

A

Nonphotochromogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

M. tuberculosis complex (5)

A

M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. africanum
M. microti
M. canetti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Photochromogens (3)

A

M. kansasii
M. marinum
M. simiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scotochromogens (3)

A

M. scrofulaceum
M. szulgai
M. gordonae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nonphotochromogens (4)

A

M. avium complex
M. xenopi
M. mamoense
M. paratuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rapid Growers (3)

A

M. fortuitum
M. chelonae
M. abscessus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primarily a pathogen of the respiratory tract and once called “Consumption”

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 Types of Tuberculosis

A

Primary Tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis where it detects patient’s cell-mediated immune response to bacterial antigens

A

PPD Test (Purified Protein Derivative Test) / Mantoux / Tuberculin Skin Test / TB Skin test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Blood test
Measure person’s immune reactivity to specific mycobacterial antigens

A

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identify the bacteria:

Primarily in cattle, dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and human
Slow grower
Nonpigmented
Similar to M. tuberculosis
Small, granular, rounded “WHITE COLONIES” with irregular margins

A

Mycobacterium bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOTT stands for?

A

Mycobacteria other than Tubercle Bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MOTT is also known as?

A

NTM/Non-Tubercle Bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with liver disease, immunocompromised, percutaneous trauma

A

NTM/Non-Tubercle Bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
It causes leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
26
Other name of Leprosy
Hansen's Disease
27
Identify the bacteria: Infection of the skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nerves Most cases are from warm climates Bacteria infect the cooler areas of the body (ears, nose, eyebrows, fingers, toes) Causes leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
28
Sputum specimen that is the method of choice (self couching)
Spontaneous
29
Sputum specimen with aerosol saline (facilitates coughing)
Induced
30
For sputum specimen in Mycobacteria, what type of cough or sputum is needed?
Deep cough or expectorated sputum induced by nebulization
31
True or False Bronchial washing or lavages can be collected as specimen for Mycobacteria
True
32
It is the specimen of choice for detection in children and infants Should be processed within 4 hours
Gastric Lavage/Aspirates
32
Gastric Lavage/Aspirates contain this substance that can neutralize the acidity of the gastric lavage in order to not kill the mycobacteria
Sodium carbonate
33
It is used to recover mycobacterium that may have been swallowed during the night Only used when patient is unable to produce a good quality sputum specimen
Gastric aspirates
34
Ideal for isolation of mycobacteria
Urine
35
Why is 24-hour urine specimen not ideal for Mycobacteria?
Because of dilution and high concentration
36
What is the preferred urine specimen?
First morning midstream
37
Minimum required urine volume for urine specimen of mycobacteria?
15 mL
38
Can pooled urine be collected?
Yes, but it most not exceed 12-24 hours
39
What type of specimen uses Lidocaine to obtain airway mucosal anesthesia?
Bronchoscopy specimen
40
It is used in Bronchoscopy specimen to obtain airway mucosal anesthesia
Lidocaine
41
Can stool/fecal specimens be submitted for mycobacteria?
Yes, as long as it does not have a preservative
42
Effect of contaminants in fecal specimens can cause what type of results?
False-negative results
43
Stool specimens is primarily collected from AIDS patients to determine what type of Mycobacterium?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
44
These are centrifuged for concentration of sediments first before inoculating for culture
Body fluids
45
It is a test used for the detection of Mycobacteria in the blood
Interferon-Gamma assay
46
Specimen from non-sterile site is mixed with an agent that will kill non-mycobacterium bacteria These common decontamination agents are?
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOh) - most common Oxalic acid (used with Ps. aeruginosa) Benzalkonium chloride + Trisodium phosphate (Zephiran)(used for the presence of Pseudomonas)
47
Liquefying mucus enables the mycobacterium to contact and use the nutrients in the agar medium These common digestion agents are?
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) + 2% NaOH = Most common Trisodium phosphate (Z-TSP) with Zephiran Dithiothreitol (DTT) + 2% NaOH (sputolysin)
48
Purpose of NAC as a digestion agent is to split what?
To split the disulfide bonds
49
2% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) acts as what?
Antimicrobial agent
50
3 Types of sterile specimens
CSF Synovial Fluid Biopsy Tissue
51
For concentration of Mycobacteria, after decontamination and digestion, it is centrifuged for how many minutes?
15 minutes at 3000g
52
It uses heat to drive the color into the lipids of the cell wall Decolorized with "acid-alcohol"
Ziehl-Neelsen method
53
More sensitive type of Acid Fast Stain
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome Stain
54
After staining with Acid-Fast, a minimum of ____ OIF are examined
300 OIF
55
For hot and cold method, a primary stain is used and it is liquid soluble and contains "phenol". What is the type?
Carbolfuchsin stain
56
Carbolfuchsin stain contains this substance that helps the stain penetrate the cell wall
Phenol
57
What is the counterstain used in Ziehl-Neelsen Method?
Methylene Blue
58
3 Types of Media used for Mycobacterium
Egg-Based with Malachite Green(Lowenstein-Jensen Medium) Agar Based Liquid Media
59
Agar based media for Mycobacteria which promotes early growth and is "serum based"
Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 agar
60
Liquid Media for Mycobacteria
Middlebrook 7H9 Broth
61
Laboratories with large volumes of Mycobacterium cultures use an automated reader which is used for blood, body fluids, and bone marrow.
BACTEC
62
BACTEC broth contains what labeled substrate?
14C
63
It contains "saponin" to liberate intracellular organisms Advantages include yielding isolated colonies, quantification of mycobacteria, shorter recovery time
Isolator-Lysis Centrifugation System
64
Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) can be a slow grower or a rapid grower, which groups are which?
Group 1,2,3 = slow grower Group 4 = rapid grower
65
Group 1 of NTM
Photochromogens
66
Group 2 of NTM
Scotochromogens
67
Group 3 of NTM
Nonphotochromogens
68
Group 4 of NTM
Rapid Growers
69
Growth rate of Rapid Growers
Colonies in <7 days
70
Growth rate of Slow Growers
Colonies in >7 days
71
Temperature range for Mycobacteria culture
20-42C
72
Identify the bacteria Slow grower Think, flat, spreading and friable with a rough appearance colony "Cord" formation Growth at 35-37C (BT) Colonies are NOT photoreactive
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
73
Common antibiotics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (5)(RIPES)
Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin

Bacteriology Lecture (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions