Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology Lecture > Lesson 2: Bacterial Characteristic > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Bacterial Characteristic Flashcards

1
Q

5 Shapes of Bacteria

A

Cocci
Bacilli
Vibrio
Spirilla
Spirochetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shape of the Bacteria

“Kokkos meaning berry; are spherical or oval cells; equal in diameter”

A

Cocci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shape of the Bacteria

“Baculus meaning rod; are rod shaped cells; length is longer than its width; longer and slender; there are some short and plump that looks like oval and can be mistaken as cocci”

A

Bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Shape of the Bacteria

“Are comma shaped curved rods and derive their name from their characteristics vibratory motility”

A

Vibrios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shape of the Bacteria

“Are rigid spiral forms; coil or snake-like”

A

Spirilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shape of the Bacteria

“Speira meaning coil and chaite meaning hair; are flexuous spiral forms; flexible movement”

A

Spirochetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These are branching filamentous bacteria and resembles fungi

Rays of the sun resemblance

A

Actinomycetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

These are cell wall deficient, and hence do not possess a stable morphology. They occur as round or oval bodies and as interlacing filaments

A

Mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cocci Arrangement

Pairs:
Chains:
Groups of 4:
Groups of 8:
Grape-like clusters:

A

Pairs: Diplococci
Chains: Streptococci
GO4: Tetrad
GO8: Sarcina
Grape-like: Staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacterial growth can be studied using cell counts like?

A

Total Count
Viable Count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PHASES OF GROWTH CURVE

  1. No increase in number
  2. Increase in cell size
  3. Flat/Horizontal line curve
A

Lag Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PHASES OF GROWTH CURVE

  1. Cells start dividing
  2. Steady increase in number
  3. More bacterial division, no cell death
  4. There is a limit where it will flatten
A

Log or Exponential Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PHASES OF GROWTH CURVE

  1. Cell division stops due to depletion of nutrients
  2. Accumulation of toxic products
  3. Viable count: stationary
  4. Equal number of dying cells and newly formed cells
A

Stationary Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PHASES OF GROWTH CURVE

  1. Population decreases due to cell death
  2. Culture medium is not suitable for growth
A

Phase of Decline (Death Phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ideal phase to get sample

A

Log Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phase where sporulation occurs

A

Stationary Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This phase is where involution forms are common

A

Phase of Decline (Death Phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bacteria that grow only in the presence of oxygen

Ex. Cholera, Vibrio

A

Obligate aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bacteria that are ordinarily aerobic but can grow in the absence of oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen

Ex. Clostridia

A

Anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bacteria that may even die on exposure to oxygen

Ex. Bacteroides, Clostridium, Propionibacterium

A

Obligate anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bacteria that grow best in the presence of low oxygen tension

Ex. Spirochetes

A

Microaerophilic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uses carbon dioxide as their electron receptor

A

Capnophile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Grows best at temperature of 25-40C

A

Mesophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Grows best at temperature of below than 20C
Psychrophiles
25
Grows best at high temperature of 55-80C
Thermophiles
25
Lowest temperature that kills a bacterium under standard conditions in a given time
Thermal Death Point
26
It is a protein that increases in concentration as a cell grows and gets ready for cell division
DNA-A
26
Majority of pathogenic bacteria grow best at neutral or slightly alkaline pH of?
7.2 - 7.6
27
Bacteria solution should be isotonic for growth and sudden exposure to hypertonic solutions may cause osmotic withdrawal of water and shrinkage of protoplasm called ________
Plasmolysis
27
DNA replication begins at a single defined DNA sequence of 245 base pairs called?
Origin of Replication (oriC)
28
DNA helicase is also called?
DnaB
28
Cleaves the RNA ends of the Okazaki fragments DNase1 then fills in the cleaved gaps with DNA nucleotides
RNAse H
29
It transports the DNA Helicase
DNA Helicase Loader
29
DNA helicase loader is also called?
DnaC
30
An enzyme which synthesizes an RNA primer on the DNA template which is used by DNA Polymerase as a starting point
DNA Primase
31
DNA polymerase is ferried to the replication fork by proteins called?
Clamp Loaders
31
The main replication polymerase in E. coli is called?
DNA Polymerase 3
32
Short sequences synthesized in the lagging strand because DNA polymerase can synthesize only from 5' to 3'
Okazaki Fragments
33
It closes the remaining gaps in the okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
34
Proofreads new molecules of DNA and removes mismatched bases before continuing DNA synthesis
DNA Polymerase
35
Process in which the information in the nucleotide base sequence of mRNA is used to dictate the amino acid sequence of a protein
Translation
36
3 steps of Protein Synthesis
Initiation Elongation Termination
37
3 initiation factors of E. coli in the Initiation Phase
IF1 IF2 IF3
38
Small ribosomal subunit contains __ subunits
30s subunits
39
Large ribosomal subunits contain __ subunits
50s subunits
40
Carries the genetic information copied from DNA
mRNA
41
A ribosomal binding site in bacteria and archaea located around 8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG, it binds the mRNA to the ribosome near the first AUG
Shine Dalgarno sequence
42
Readily binds to the small ribosomal subunit and its presence blocks the large and small subunits from prematurely associating Facilitates the binding of the mRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome
IF3
43
Binds to the small subunit at a location called the A-site
IF1
44
It is where the incoming tRNA normally binds
A-site
45
It is bound to GTP and escorts the initiator tRNA to a different site, the P-site
IF2
46
It carries the anticodon
tRNA
47
An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of an amino acid residue in order to grow the polypeptide chain
Peptidyl transferase
48
Has the general shape of a tRNA mimics a tRNA and enters the A site
RF 1 or RF 2 (Release Factor 1,2)
49
Along with EFG binds at the A site and undocks the two ribosomal subunits
Ribosome Recycling Factor or RRF
50
These are agents in the environment that cause permanent changes in DNA except for spontaneous mutation
Mutagens
51
Types of Mutations One or a few base pairs are deleted or added to DNA
Frameshift mutation
51
Types of Mutations Occur without the presence of any mutagen
Spontaneous mutations
51
Types of Mutations Amino acid substitutions
Missense mutations
52
Types of Mutations Creates a stop codon
Nonsense mutation
53
This occurs during reproduction when genes are passed from an "ORGANISM TO ITS OFFSPRING"
Vertical Gene Transfer
54
This occurs in bacteria and involves a portion of the cell's DNA being transferred from "DONOR TO RECIPIENT"
Horizontal Gene Transfer
55
When some of the donor's DNA has been integrated into the recipients DNA, the resultant cell is called a?
Recombinant
56
Genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution
Transformation
57
A type of transferring genetic material wherein it requires contact between living cells
Conjugation
58
DNA is passed from one bacterium to another in a bacteriophage and is then incorporated into the recipient's DNA
Transduction
59
These are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA carrying genes that are not usually essential for the cell's survival
Plasmids
60
These are small segments of DNA that can move from one region to another region of the same chromosome or to a different chromosome or plasmid
Transposons

Bacteriology Lecture (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions