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Bacteriology Lecture > Lesson 11: Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Haemophilus > Flashcards

Lesson 11: Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Haemophilus Flashcards

1
Q

It is an opportunistic pathogen that infects burns, wounds, surgical incisions, and sites of catheterization

Most common cause of infections of burn injuries and outer ear (otitis externa)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

Is P. aeruginosa motile?

A

Yes, it is a flagellated bacterium with a polar flagellum, arranged in an amphitrichous manner

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3
Q

P. aeruginosa is non-capsulated but some strains posses a _________

A

slime layer

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4
Q

Is P. aeruginosa gram positive or negative?

A

Gram negative

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5
Q

2 commonly used media for the cultivation of P. aeruginosa

A

Nutrient Agar Medium
MacConkey Agar Medium

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6
Q

Optimum pH of P. aeruginosa

A

5.6 - 9.0 = can survive
6.6 - 7.6 = maximum growth

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7
Q

Some strains of P. aeruginosa show what type of hemolysis?

A

Beta hemolysis

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7
Q

P. aeruginosa is an obligate aerobe meaning?

A

It can only grow in the presence of oxygen

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8
Q

What media is used for P. aeruginosa when the growth of the bacterium occurs as “dense turbidity” in the broth medium with a “surface pellicle”?

A

Trypticase Soy Broth
Nutrient Broth

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8
Q

4 Types of Pigments of P. aeruginosa

A

Pyocyanin
Fluorescein
Pyorubicin
Pyomelanin

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9
Q

In Nutrient Agar Medium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces what type of odor?

A

Sweetish odor
Musty or Earthy smell

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9
Q

It is a selective medium for P. aeruginosa and other species of Pseudomonas which consists of “Cetrimide” that inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria and normal flora

A

Cetrimide Agar Medium

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9
Q

Vibrio cholera on Monsur’s Gelatin Taurocholate Trypticase Tellurite Agar Medium

A

24 hours incubation:
- small colonies
- 1-2 mm in size
- grayish color with black centers

48 hours of incubation:
- increase to 3-4mm in size

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9
Q

What is the expected color in Cetrimide Agar Medium if there is presence of P. aeruginosa?

A

Greenish-blue coloration

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10
Q

In MacConkey Agar Medium, P. aeruginosa shows what color since it is a non-lactose fermenter unlike E. coli and Klebsiella which are lactose fermenters?

A

None, since it is a non-lactose fermenter

Klebsiella and E. coli = Pink colony

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10
Q

He isolated “vibrions” from cholera patients because of their motility

A

Filippo Pacini

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11
Q

Identify the name of the Pigment

Bluish-Green

A

Pyocyanin

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11
Q

Identify the name of the Pigment

Greenish-Yellow

A

Fluorescein

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11
Q

Rigid, curved rods, or “Comma shaped” and are highly motile-single polar flagellum

A

Vibrio

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12
Q

Identify the name of the Pigment

Reddish-Brown

A

Pyorubicin

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12
Q

Identify the name of the Pigment

Brown to Black

A

Pyomelanin

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13
Q

It is the most important pigment from the diagnostic point of view since it is not produced by any other species of Pseudomonas but only by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Pyocyanin

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13
Q

It is characterized by sudden effortless vomiting, profuse rice water stool followed by rapid dehydration

A

Cholera

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13
Q

The motility of Vibrio cholerae is called as?

A

Darting motility (swarm of gnats)

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13
Most medically important member of the genus Vibrio
Vibrio cholerae
14
Vibrio cholerae was first isolated by him from cholera patients in Egypt
Robert Koch
14
Growth of Vibrio cholerae is better on acidic or alkaline medium?
Alkaline medium (6.4 -9.6) (optimum 8.2)
15
Vibrio cholera on Gelatin Stab Culture
After 3 days of incubation, a "White Line" of growth appears
15
Selective Medium used for Vibrio cholera Yellow colony Sucrose fermentation Readily visible against a dark green background of the agar
Thiosulphate citrate bile sucrose (TCBS) agar
15
An Enrichment Medium used for Vibrio cholera Rapid growth: 6 hours Formation of Thick Surface Pellicle 1mL stool/10mL alkaline peptone water 37C for 4-6 hours incubation
Alkaline Peptone Water (pH 8.5)
16
Vibrio cholera ferments what carbohydrates?
Glucose Mannitol Maltose Mannose Sucrose
16
True or False Vibrio cholerae are non-halophilic
True, they cannot grow in media with more than 6% sodium chloride
17
Vibrio cholera on Nutrient Agar
Round Moist Translucent "Bluish" colonies 1-2mm size
17
Vibrio cholera on Blood Agar
A zone of "green discoloration" and will become "clear"
17
Vibrio cholera on MacConkey Agar
Colorless colony, but will change to pink after a while
18
Vibrio cholera on Alkaline Bile Salt Agar
Similar colonies on Nutrient Agar Medium since it is just a modified version
19
Vibrio cholera does not ferment what carbohydrates?
Inositol Arabinose Lactose
20
True or False Carbohydrate metabolism is fermentive, producing acid, but no gas
True
21
Vibrio cholera is: Catalase and oxidase: positive Nitrate Reduction: positive Indole: positive Methyl Red: Negative Urease: Negative
True
22
What test is used to identify V. cholera colonies and performed when a loopful of growth is mixed with a drop of 0.5% sodium deoxycholate on a slide. Mixture loses turbidity: mucoid and forms a "string" when loop is drawn away slowly = positive test
String Test
23
Route of Transmission of Vibrio cholera
Fecal-Oral route
24
Infectious dose of cholera in WATER
10^9
25
Infectious does of Cholera in FOOD
10^3
26
Incubation period of cholera
1 to 4 days
27
Assists the enterotoxin of vibrio cholera as it serves as a mucosal receptor for subunit B, which promotes entry of subunit A into the cell
Ganglioside GM1
27
Activation of this subunit of the enterotoxin of Vibrio cholera yields increased levels of intracellular cAMP and results in prolonged "hypersecretion" of water and electrolytes
Activation of subunit A1
28
This toxin of cholera binds to cell membrane via B sub-unit and this reverts back to allow A sub-unit to enter the cell membrane
Cholera Toxin Cholera Enterotoxin Choleragen
28
Habitat of Haemophilus
Upper Respiratory Tract of Humans (Nasopharynx of approximately 75% of healthy people)
29
Can H. influenza growth in a candle jar with 5% CO2?
Yes
29
This occurs when the colon cannot absorb the fluid fast enough. These factors contribute to decrease blood pressure.
Diarrhea
29
"Vibrio cholerae" colony color on TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose) Agar
Yellow
30
"Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus" colony color on TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose) Agar
Green
30
Identify the bacteria: Small Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli with random arrangements Found on mucous membrane of the URT
Haemophilus influenza
30
True or False Encapsulated strains appear more mucoidal than non-encapsulated strains, which appear as smaller, compact grey colonies for H. influenza
True
30
True or False H. influenza required hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor) for growth
True
31
Standard Medium used for the growth of H. influenza
Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP) prepared with: heat-lysed horse blood( a good source of hemin and NAD) ; can also use sheep blood
31
Characteristic of H. influenza on CAP
Large Round Smooth Convex "Colorless to grey" Opaque
32
What is the smell of H. influenza on plates?
Pungent indole smell
33
What agar is used for H. influenza that shows a characteristic: "Flat pinpoint" colony Shows "satellitism" with S. aureus
Blood Agar
34
What type of hemolysis does H. influenza show on Horse Blood Agar?
Beta-hemolysis
35
What type of H. influenza colonizes the nasopharynx, and may penetrate the epithelium and capillary endothelium to cause "bacteremia"
Type b H. influenza
36
This type of H. influenza can cause meningitis, epiglottitis, bacteremia, and cellulitis
Type b H. influenza
37
This type of H. influenza can cause otitis media, sinusitis, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia
Nontypable H. influenza
38
Haemophilus species that causes "pneumonia and endocarditis"
H. parainfluenza
39
Haemophilus species that causes "genital chancre"
H. ducreyi
40
Haemophilus species that causes "conjunctivitis or Brazilian purpuric fever"
H. aegyptius

Bacteriology Lecture (11 decks)

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