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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Lesson 9 Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Lesson 9 Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dyspnea?

A

Labored or difficulty breathing

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2
Q

What is stridor?

A

Noise hear on breathing when trachea or larynx is obstructed.

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3
Q

What is wheeze?

A

Abnormal breathing sound (whistling/squeeking).

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4
Q

What is Hemoptysis?

A

Expectoration of blood that originates below the vocal cords.

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5
Q

What is digital clubbing?

A

Changes at the nail base that includes softening of the nail bed and loss of normal angle between nail and cuticle.

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6
Q

What is Cyanosis?

A

Blue or blue-gray color of skin/mucus membranes caused by increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood.

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7
Q

Hypoxia?

A

Decreased oxygen in tissues

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8
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

abnormally high CO2 in blood

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9
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of nasal membranes-allergic to particles in the air

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Allergic Rhinitis?

A

allergen to pollen, dust, animal dander, smoke, or mold

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11
Q

S&S of Allergic Rhinitis?

A 
Nasal congestion
sneezing
coughing
headache and itching of nose, mouth, eyes, throat or skin
Dark circles under eyes
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12
Q

How to diagnose Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Allergy testing-nasal swab

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13
Q

Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  1. avoid the allergen
  2. desensitization treatments
  3. Medication
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14
Q

What is Croup?

A
  1. inflammation of lungs

2. constriction of the airways

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15
Q

Etiology of croup?

A

A viral condition-normally RSV

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16
Q

S&S of Croup?

A
  1. high pitched barking cough and white patches
  2. hoarseness
  3. stridor
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17
Q

Treatment for Croup?

A
  1. Severe-oxygen & injectable steroid
  2. best rest and liquids
  3. cool humidification
  4. antibiotic if concerned with secondary infection
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18
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

Infection that could be caused by various pathogens.

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19
Q

Etiology of Pneumonia?

A

various pathogens:

  1. bacterial
  2. viral
  3. protozoa
  4. ricketssia
  5. fungal
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20
Q

S&S of Pneumonia?

A

Cough with thick sputum

chills and fever

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21
Q

Treatment of Pneumonia?

A

Depends on cause. If bacterial, give antibiotic, If fungal, give anti-fungal.

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22
Q

What is Legionnaires?

A

Bacterial infection of the lungs-bronchial pneumonia.

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23
Q

Etiology of Legionnaires?

A

bacteria from warm aquatic environment

- hot tubs, a/c units, tropical region

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24
Q

Symptoms of Legionnaires?

A
  1. grayish non-purulent sputum

2. dangerously high fever

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25
Q

Treatment for Legionnaires?

A

Antibiotic

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26
Q

What is Pulmonary emphysema?

A

Permanent enlargement of air spaces

Destruction of the alveoli

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27
Q

Etiology of Pulmonary Emphysema?

A

chronic bronchitis
silicon-mineral
Chronic asthma
pulmonary tuberculosis

28
Q

S&S of Pulmonary Emphysema?

A

“Barrel chest” caused by overinflated lungs

29
Q

Prognosis of Pulmonary Emphysema?

A

Can’t be cured but managed, controlled and slowed

Poor Prognosis

30
Q

Treatment of Pulmonary Emphysema?

A
  1. bronchial dilators
  2. diuretics
  3. breathing and respiratory therapy
31
Q

What is chronic Bronchitis?

A

inflammation of bronchial membranes airways

32
Q

Etiology of Chronic Bronchitis?

A

chronic asthma, bronchiectasis, silicosis

33
Q

S&S of Chronic Bronchitis?

A

Chronic cough with sputum production

weight gain due to edema

34
Q

Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis?

A
  1. Avoid smoking
  2. bronchodilators-open airways
  3. diuretics
  4. surgery
35
Q

What is Tuberculosis?

A

necrosis/death of lung tissue from a slow growing Mycobacterium

36
Q

S&S of Tuberculosis?

A
  1. night sweats and fever

2. chest pain and cough

37
Q

Treatment of Tuberculosis?

A
  1. Antibiotics
  2. bed rest
  3. isolate infected persons
38
Q

What is SIDS?

A

unexpected, unexplained death

39
Q

S&S of SIDS?

A
  1. death
  2. blood tinged sputum
  3. mottled skin
40
Q

What is Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx.

41
Q

Etiology of Pharyngitis?

A

bacterial or viral

strep most common

42
Q

Treatment of Pharyngitis?

A

antibiotics only if we feel its bacteria

saline gargles

43
Q

S&S of Pharyngitis?

A 
Sore throat
malaise
muscle and joint pain
headache
fever
44
Q

What is Laryngitis?

A

inflammation of larnyx (voice box)

45
Q

S&S of Laryngitis?

A

hoarse voice or lose it all together

46
Q

Treatment for Laryngitis?

A

symptoms if viral

antibiotics of bacterial

47
Q

What is mononucleosis?

A

viral disease common in teenagers

48
Q

Etiology of Mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

49
Q

S&S of mononucleosis?

A

sore throat
elevated fever
swollen lymph nodes

50
Q

What is Adnoid hyperplasia?

A

Enlargement of lymphoid

51
Q

S&S of Adnoid Hyperplasia?

A

mouth breathing
snoring
head colds

52
Q

Treatment of Adnoid Hyperplasia?

A

Monitor if not severe

If severe-remove adnoids

53
Q

What is thrush?

A

A fungal infection of mucous membranes of mouth

54
Q

What is Sinusitis and S&S?

A

*Inflammation of paranasal sinus
S: nasal congestion
nasal tenderness
postnasal drip

55
Q

Etiology of Sinusitis?

A

caused by viruses

don’t treat with antibiotics unless there is discharge

56
Q

SIDS is a _____ disease.

A

respiratory also associated with tobacco

57
Q

SIDS is less common if baby sleeps on…?

58
Q

Risk of SIDS decreases after age___?

59
Q

Vaccinations help with bacterial pneumonia/pulmonary diseases

60
Q

What is lung absess?

A

bacterial infection of the lungs that causes necrosis

61
Q

S&S of lung absess?

A
  1. foul smelling, purulent, puss-like sputum.
  2. bad breath
  3. headache, fever, chills
62
Q

How do we treat lung absses?

A

Antibiotics and maybe surgical resection

63
Q

What is asthma?

A

inflamed thickened airway

constriction of smooth muscles

64
Q

S&S of asthma?

A

feeling of suffocation
wheezing
short of breath

65
Q

Treatment of asthma?

A

inhaler to open airway-bronchial dilator

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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