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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Lesson 9 Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Lesson 9 Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dyspnea?

A

Labored or difficulty breathing

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2
Q

What is stridor?

A

Noise hear on breathing when trachea or larynx is obstructed.

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3
Q

What is wheeze?

A

Abnormal breathing sound (whistling/squeeking).

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4
Q

What is Hemoptysis?

A

Expectoration of blood that originates below the vocal cords.

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5
Q

What is digital clubbing?

A

Changes at the nail base that includes softening of the nail bed and loss of normal angle between nail and cuticle.

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6
Q

What is Cyanosis?

A

Blue or blue-gray color of skin/mucus membranes caused by increased amounts of unsaturated hemoglobin in capillary blood.

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7
Q

Hypoxia?

A

Decreased oxygen in tissues

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8
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

abnormally high CO2 in blood

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9
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of nasal membranes-allergic to particles in the air

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Allergic Rhinitis?

A

allergen to pollen, dust, animal dander, smoke, or mold

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11
Q

S&S of Allergic Rhinitis?

A 
Nasal congestion
sneezing
coughing
headache and itching of nose, mouth, eyes, throat or skin
Dark circles under eyes
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12
Q

How to diagnose Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Allergy testing-nasal swab

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13
Q

Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  1. avoid the allergen
  2. desensitization treatments
  3. Medication
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14
Q

What is Croup?

A
  1. inflammation of lungs

2. constriction of the airways

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15
Q

Etiology of croup?

A

A viral condition-normally RSV

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16
Q

S&S of Croup?

A
  1. high pitched barking cough and white patches
  2. hoarseness
  3. stridor
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17
Q

Treatment for Croup?

A
  1. Severe-oxygen & injectable steroid
  2. best rest and liquids
  3. cool humidification
  4. antibiotic if concerned with secondary infection
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18
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

Infection that could be caused by various pathogens.

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19
Q

Etiology of Pneumonia?

A

various pathogens:

  1. bacterial
  2. viral
  3. protozoa
  4. ricketssia
  5. fungal
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20
Q

S&S of Pneumonia?

A

Cough with thick sputum

chills and fever

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21
Q

Treatment of Pneumonia?

A

Depends on cause. If bacterial, give antibiotic, If fungal, give anti-fungal.

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22
Q

What is Legionnaires?

A

Bacterial infection of the lungs-bronchial pneumonia.

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23
Q

Etiology of Legionnaires?

A

bacteria from warm aquatic environment

- hot tubs, a/c units, tropical region

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24
Q

Symptoms of Legionnaires?

A
  1. grayish non-purulent sputum

2. dangerously high fever

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25
Treatment for Legionnaires?
Antibiotic
26
What is Pulmonary emphysema?
Permanent enlargement of air spaces | Destruction of the alveoli
27
Etiology of Pulmonary Emphysema?
chronic bronchitis silicon-mineral Chronic asthma pulmonary tuberculosis
28
S&S of Pulmonary Emphysema?
"Barrel chest" caused by overinflated lungs
29
Prognosis of Pulmonary Emphysema?
Can't be cured but managed, controlled and slowed | Poor Prognosis
30
Treatment of Pulmonary Emphysema?
1. bronchial dilators 2. diuretics 3. breathing and respiratory therapy
31
What is chronic Bronchitis?
inflammation of bronchial membranes airways
32
Etiology of Chronic Bronchitis?
chronic asthma, bronchiectasis, silicosis
33
S&S of Chronic Bronchitis?
Chronic cough with sputum production | weight gain due to edema
34
Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis?
1. Avoid smoking 2. bronchodilators-open airways 3. diuretics 4. surgery
35
What is Tuberculosis?
necrosis/death of lung tissue from a slow growing Mycobacterium
36
S&S of Tuberculosis?
1. night sweats and fever | 2. chest pain and cough
37
Treatment of Tuberculosis?
1. Antibiotics 2. bed rest 3. isolate infected persons
38
What is SIDS?
unexpected, unexplained death
39
S&S of SIDS?
1. death 2. blood tinged sputum 3. mottled skin
40
What is Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx.
41
Etiology of Pharyngitis?
bacterial or viral | strep most common
42
Treatment of Pharyngitis?
antibiotics only if we feel its bacteria | saline gargles
43
S&S of Pharyngitis?
``` Sore throat malaise muscle and joint pain headache fever ```
44
What is Laryngitis?
inflammation of larnyx (voice box)
45
S&S of Laryngitis?
hoarse voice or lose it all together
46
Treatment for Laryngitis?
symptoms if viral | antibiotics of bacterial
47
What is mononucleosis?
viral disease common in teenagers
48
Etiology of Mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
49
S&S of mononucleosis?
sore throat elevated fever swollen lymph nodes
50
What is Adnoid hyperplasia?
Enlargement of lymphoid
51
S&S of Adnoid Hyperplasia?
mouth breathing snoring head colds
52
Treatment of Adnoid Hyperplasia?
Monitor if not severe | If severe-remove adnoids
53
What is thrush?
A fungal infection of mucous membranes of mouth
54
What is Sinusitis and S&S?
*Inflammation of paranasal sinus S: nasal congestion nasal tenderness postnasal drip
55
Etiology of Sinusitis?
caused by viruses | don't treat with antibiotics unless there is discharge
56
SIDS is a _____ disease.
respiratory also associated with tobacco
57
SIDS is less common if baby sleeps on...?
back
58
Risk of SIDS decreases after age___?
1
59
Vaccinations help with bacterial pneumonia/pulmonary diseases
True
60
What is lung absess?
bacterial infection of the lungs that causes necrosis
61
S&S of lung absess?
1. foul smelling, purulent, puss-like sputum. 2. bad breath 3. headache, fever, chills
62
How do we treat lung absses?
Antibiotics and maybe surgical resection
63
What is asthma?
inflamed thickened airway | constriction of smooth muscles
64
S&S of asthma?
feeling of suffocation wheezing short of breath
65
Treatment of asthma?
inhaler to open airway-bronchial dilator

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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