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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Lesson 7 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Lesson 7 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperpituitarism (gigantism/Acromagely)?

A
  1. Overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland.
  2. Occurs in adulthood
  3. Life shortening
  4. Overgrowth of bones, soft tissue, and cardiac dysfuntion
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2
Q

What is the Etiology of Hyperpituitarism?

A

Benign slow-growing tumors in the anterior pituitary

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3
Q

S&S of Hyperpituitarism (gigantism/Acromagely)?

A
  1. Excessive growth of long bones of body
  2. Develops abruptly and causes abnormal height increase
  3. Appear gradually causing deformation and coarsening of the facial features and enlargement of hands, feet, head and tongue
  4. increased sweating, thick coarse oily skin, chronic sinus congestion
  5. HEADACHES, weakness, joint pain, vision disorders
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4
Q

Treatment of Hyperpituitarism (gigantism/acromagely)?

A
  1. Lower hGH level to normal
  2. stabilize or remove tumor
  3. radiation therapy
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5
Q

What is Hypopituitarism (dwarfism)?

A
  1. insufficient level of growth hormone scretion caused by a pituitary tumor
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6
Q

S&S of Hypopituitarism?

A
  1. slowly develops
  2. children-dwarfism
  3. low tolerance of cold
  4. fatigue, anorexia, weight gain or loss
  5. loss of skin pigmentation
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7
Q

Treatment of Hypopituitarism?

A
  1. Replace the hormone with synthetic growth hormone

- only works if the bones haven’t fused yet.

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8
Q

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  1. Diabetes means siphon (water passes right through)

2. Kidneys are unable to conserve water (decreased vasopression)

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9
Q

What is the etiology of diabetes insipidus?

A
  1. Tumors- decreased vassopression (not being able to retain water
  2. Removal of pituitary gland
  3. kidney dysfunction
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10
Q

How to diagnose Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  1. Dehydration test
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11
Q

S&S of Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  1. DRY SKIN
  2. Polyuria - increased urination-sticky
  3. Polydipsia - increased thirst
  4. Dehydration
  5. weight loss
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12
Q

What is Simple Goiter?

A
  1. Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
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13
Q

What is the etiology of Simple Goiter?

A

Thyroid gland cannot secrete enough T3 and T4 iodide horomones.

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14
Q

S&S of Simple Goiter?

A

Small or massive nodule in front of neck just above sternum

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15
Q

How to diagnose Goiter?

A
  1. Ultrasound

2. History and physical exam

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16
Q

Treatment of Simple Goiter?

A
  1. Iodine supplements of T3 and T4 hormone help reduce goiter
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17
Q

What is Graves disease?

A
  1. Over-secretion of T3 and T4 iodide hormones by thyroid gland
  2. too much thyroid hormone - lose weight
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18
Q

S&S of Graves Disease?

A
  1. hot/sweaty
  2. patches on skin with an orange color
  3. protruding eye - “frightened” appearance (exophthlamos)
  4. nervous/anxious
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19
Q

Treatment of Graves Disease?

A
  1. anti-thyroid medication
  2. iodide compounds
  3. remove thyroid (surgery) *will need medication permanantly
  4. beta blockers
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20
Q

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Thyroid hormone gets to low because of inflammation.

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21
Q

S&S of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A
  1. Lump on neck (large thyroid) w/pain and tenderness
  2. fatigue and depressed
  3. cold intolerance, dry skin and hair
  4. dysphagia-discomfort swallowing
22
Q

How to diagnose Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Blood test

23
Q

How to treat Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A
  1. hormone replacement therapy
  2. analgesics
  3. anti-inflammatory drugs
24
Q

What is Hypothyroidism?

A

Body not producing enough thyroid hormone

25
Q

S&S of Hypothyroidism?

A
  1. muscle cramping
  2. clouded thinking
  3. dry skin
  4. depressed/fatigued
  5. always cold
26
Q

Treatment of Hypothyroidism?

A

Lifelong hormone replacement therapy (synthetic or animal derived)

27
Q

What are the 4 types of Thyroid Cancer?

A
  1. papillary 80% ages 30-50
  2. follicular 10% over 50
  3. medullary sporadic
  4. anaplactic - very aggressive over 60 years of age
28
Q

S&S of Thyroid Cancer?

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. swallowing difficulty
  3. lump in neck
29
Q

Treatment of Thyroid Cancer?

A
  1. surgery
  2. radiation
  3. chemotherapy
30
Q

What is Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)?

A

excessive amounts of parathyroid

31
Q

S&S of Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)?

A
  1. kidney stones
  2. joint pain
  3. urinating and vomiting
  4. CNS - depression/FORGETFULNESS
  5. fatigue
  6. brittle bones and muscle weakness/atrophy
32
Q

Cause of Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)?

A
  1. benign tumor (adenoma) on parathyroid gland

2. lower calcium levels

33
Q

How to diagnose and treatment of Hyperparathyroidism?

A 
D = Radioimmunoassay
T = reduce circulating calcium
34
Q

What is Hypoparathyroidism (Hypocalcemia)?

A

too little parathyroid hormone

35
Q

Cause of Hypoparathyroidism?

A
  1. hereditary

2. removal of parathyroid tissue during surery

36
Q

S&S of Hypoparathyroidism?

A
  1. TINGLING OF EXTREMITIES
  2. low calcium in blood (tetany)
  3. painful menstruation
  4. memory problems
  5. Brittle nails and losing hair
37
Q

Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism?

A

T = lifelong vitamin D and calcium

diet high in calcium, low in phosphorus

38
Q

What is Cushing Syndrome?

What is Addisons Disease?

A
  1. Cushing - too high coritsol

2. Addisons - too low cortisol

39
Q

What is the etiology of Cushing Syndrome?

A
  1. tumor
  2. infections of adrenal glands
  3. tuberculosis
40
Q

S&S of Cushing Syndrome?

A
  1. weight gain
  2. purple striae/stretch marks on face
  3. moon shaped face
  4. buffalo hump on back
  5. blood pressure (hypertension) and glucose go up (hyperglycemia)
41
Q

Treatment for Cushing Syndrome?

A

Restore cortisol to normal with:

  1. surgery
  2. drug therapy
  3. radiation
  4. adrenalectomy
42
Q

S&S of Addisons Disease?

A
  1. craves salt
  2. weight loss
  3. vomiting
  4. low blood pressure
43
Q

Treatment of Addisons Disease?

A

Hormone replacement therapy

44
Q

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

A

Cysts on ovaries causing:

  1. irregular menstrual cycles
  2. excess hair growth from androgens
  3. obesity
    * Leading cause of infertility
45
Q

Cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

A

excess amounts of androgens (male hormones)

46
Q

S&S of Polycystic Ovary syndrome

A
  1. lose menstrual cycle
  2. overweight and acne
  3. high blood pressure
  4. cysts on ovaries
  5. sleep apnea
47
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism

48
Q
  1. Describe Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

2. Describe Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A
  1. Beta cells are destroyed in pancreas=little to no insulin produced
  2. Insulin resistance and/or decreased insulin production
49
Q

Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A
  1. Type 1 - Commonly immune-mediated (children)

2. Type 2 - Poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity (adults)

50
Q

S&S of type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

A
  1. Polyuria - increased urination-STICKY
  2. Polydipsia - increased thirst
  3. weight loss
  4. vision loss
  5. loss of sensation in extremities
  6. reproductive complications
    Type 2: Depends on severity. could be similar or asymptomatic

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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