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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Refractive Errors?

A
  1. Hyperopia: Farsightedness
  2. Presbyopia: Farsighted; advancing age
  3. Myopia: Nearsighted
  4. Astigmatism: Variation in curvature of the lens or cornea
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2
Q

What is the Treatment for Refractive Errors?

A

Prescription and fitting of glasses

LASIK

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3
Q

S&S of Refractive Errors?

A

Headaches
Squinting
Rubbing eyes
Visual deficits

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4
Q

What is Nystagmus?

A
  1. Repetitive
  2. Involuntary
  3. Rapid eye movement
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5
Q

S&S of Nystagmus?

A

Continuous horizontal, vertical, or circular eye movements.

Blurred vision

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6
Q

Diagnose Nystagmus?

A

CT or MRI

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7
Q

What is Hordeolum (Stye)?

A

Inflammatory infection of eye lid

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8
Q

What is the Etiology of Hordeolum (Stye)?

A

Staphylococcal infection

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9
Q

S&S of Hordoleum (Stye)?

A

Pain
Tenderness
Redness at infection site

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10
Q

Treatment for Hordoleum (Stye)?

A

Warm Compress
Antibiotic eye drops
Incision or drainage

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11
Q

What is Corneal Abrasion?

A

Painful scratch or scrape on cornea.

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12
Q

What are the S&S of Corneal Abrasion?

A

Pain
Redness
Tearing

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13
Q

How to Diagnose Corneal Abrasion?

What is the treatment for Corneal Abrasion?

A

D=Fluorescein Stain w/black light exam
T=Removal of foreign object
Topical anesthetic

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14
Q

What is Cataracts?

A

Opacity or clouding of the eye lens (crystaline lens)
2. Affects visual acuity
Wear sunglasses to prevent

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15
Q

S&S of Cataracts?

A
  1. Halos around lights
  2. Faded colors
  3. Gradual loss or blurring of vision.
  4. Painless
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16
Q

Diagnose Cataracts?

A
  1. Visual acuity test

2. Opthalmoscopic exam of the eye

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17
Q

Treatment of cataracts?

A

Surgical correction and corrective lens

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18
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

Accumulating fluid and pressure within the eye

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19
Q

S&S of Glaucoma?

A
  1. Mild ache or pain in eyes
  2. Visual disturbances
  3. Loss of peripheral vision
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20
Q

Diagnose Glaucoma?

A
  1. Tonometers to measure eye pressure

2. Visual acuity

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21
Q

Treatment of Glaucoma?

A
  1. Eye drops
  2. laser surgery
  3. microsurgery to lower eye pressure
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22
Q

What is Retinal Detachment and Causes?

A
  1. Complete or partial separation of the retinal

C= Trauma, tumors, diabetes mellitus

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23
Q

What are the S&S of Retinal Detachment?

A
  1. Seeing cobwebs
  2. Floating spots
  3. Flashes of light or sensation of shade coming over eye.
  4. PAINLESS. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY!
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24
Q

What is the treatment for Retinal Detachment?

A

Laser Surgery or cryopexy

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25
Q

What is Macular Degeneration?

A

Eye disease that changes the pigmented cells of the retina and macula

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26
Q

S&S of Macular Degeneration?

A
  1. Mild to severe vision loss, distortion
  2. Gradual loss of central vision
  3. loss of sharp vision
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27
Q

Treatment of Macular Degeneration and Diagnosis?

A

T= No cure .Laser treatment may delay onset of blindness

D=Amsler chart or grid to detect changes

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28
Q

What is Strabismus?

A
  1. Eye cannot be directed to focus on same object.

2. Eye may turn inward, cross-eye, or outward

29
Q

S&S of Strabismus?

A
  1. Double vision (diplopia)
  2. Blurred vision
  3. Affected eye will appear to wander
30
Q

Etiology of Strabismus?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Injuries
  3. Inappropriate development
31
Q

Treatment of Strabismus?

A

Depends on cause:

  1. Corrective lenses
  2. Eye exercises
  3. botulinum toxin injection
  4. surgical correction
32
Q

What is conjunctivitis (pink eye) and the Etiology?

A
  1. Inflammation of conjunctiva
    *most common disease worldwide
    E=Viral or bacterial, irritations from temp or …
33
Q

What is Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of Uveal tract (around iris)

34
Q

What is the Etiology of Uveitis?

A

Autoimmune disorder or idiopathic
Microbial infections
Allergies, chemicals, trauma, surgery

35
Q

S&S of Uveitis?

A
  1. PAIN
  2. Intense photophobia
  3. Blurred Vision
  4. Redness
  5. Dark floating spots
  6. Pupil that is nonreactive to light
36
Q

Treatment of Uveitis?

A
  1. Wear dark glasses
  2. Eye drops to dilate the pupil and relieve pain
  3. steroid eye drops/ointment
37
Q

What is Blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the edges of eyelids

38
Q

S&S of Blepharitis?

A
  1. Burning, flaking, itching of eye lid
  2. Red-rimmed eye lids
  3. Dry and oily scales on eyelid margins
39
Q

Treatment of Blepharitis?

A
  1. Keep lids clean and free from crust

2. Warm compress, gentle washing of eyes

40
Q

What is Keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea.

41
Q

What is the Etiology of Keratitis?

A
  1. Infection or prolonged exposure to dry air or intense light.
  2. Could be cornea trauma, or dry air
42
Q

S&S of Keratitis?

A
  1. discharge
  2. Irritation/redness
  3. Tearing
43
Q

What is External Otitis (swimmers ear)?

A

Inflammation of the external ear canal

44
Q

Etiology of External Otitis?

A
  1. Bacteria or fungal infection

2. Ear trauma

45
Q

S&S of External Otitis?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Red, swollen ear canal
  3. drainage
46
Q

Treatment of External Otitis?

A
  1. Antibiotics and analgesics

2. Hygiene and Heat compress

47
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

Fluid in middle ear.

48
Q

Etiology of Otitis Media?

A
  1. Upper respiratory infection

2. Eustachian tube dysfunction

49
Q

S&S of Otitis Media?

A

Fullness and pain in ear

fever and irritability

50
Q

Diagnosis of Otitis Media?

A

Exam of ear

51
Q

Treatment of Otitis Media?

A
  1. Antibiotics (amoxicillin)

2. equalizing tubes for reoccuring

52
Q

What is Otosclerosis?

A

Metabolic imbalance causing bone to grow over the of the stapes.
Eventually will not be able to hear as well

53
Q

S&S of Otosclerosis?

A

Hearing loss of low or soft tones

54
Q

Treatment of Otosclerosis?

A

Hearing aids.

55
Q

Prognosis of Otosclerosis?

A

improved with surgery

56
Q

Etiology of motion sickness?

A

Abnormal equilibrium of organs of balance in inner ear

57
Q

S&S of Motion Sickness?

A
  1. Loss of equilibrium

2. Nausea/vomiting

58
Q

Treatment of Motion Sickness?

A
  1. Antihistamine
  2. antiemetics
  3. Sedative
59
Q

What is Meniere Disease?

A

Chronic inner ear syndrome

common in 40-50 yo

60
Q

S&S of Meniere Disease?

A
  1. vertigo
  2. tinnitus
  3. hearing loss
61
Q

Treatment of Meniere Disease?

A
  1. Salt free diet
  2. diuretic
  3. mild sedative
62
Q

Hearing loss etiology?

A

Can happen at any age
trauma
infections

63
Q

Treatment for hearing loss?

A
  1. Hearing aids-mild
  2. Surgery
  3. Cochlear Implant
64
Q

Prevention of hearing loss?

A

Ear protection and annual exams

65
Q

Halos around lights lead us to believe its….?

A

Cataracts

66
Q

Peripheral vision loss normally means…?

A

Glaucoma

67
Q

Central (middle) vision loss normally means…?

A

Macular degeneration

68
Q

What is the treatment of Nystagmus?

A

Treat the causes

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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