Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
What are the 4 Refractive Errors?
- Hyperopia: Farsightedness
- Presbyopia: Farsighted; advancing age
- Myopia: Nearsighted
- Astigmatism: Variation in curvature of the lens or cornea
What is the Treatment for Refractive Errors?
Prescription and fitting of glasses
LASIK
S&S of Refractive Errors?
Headaches
Squinting
Rubbing eyes
Visual deficits
What is Nystagmus?
- Repetitive
- Involuntary
- Rapid eye movement
S&S of Nystagmus?
Continuous horizontal, vertical, or circular eye movements.
Blurred vision
Diagnose Nystagmus?
CT or MRI
What is Hordeolum (Stye)?
Inflammatory infection of eye lid
What is the Etiology of Hordeolum (Stye)?
Staphylococcal infection
S&S of Hordoleum (Stye)?
Pain
Tenderness
Redness at infection site
Treatment for Hordoleum (Stye)?
Warm Compress
Antibiotic eye drops
Incision or drainage
What is Corneal Abrasion?
Painful scratch or scrape on cornea.
What are the S&S of Corneal Abrasion?
Pain
Redness
Tearing
How to Diagnose Corneal Abrasion?
What is the treatment for Corneal Abrasion?
D=Fluorescein Stain w/black light exam
T=Removal of foreign object
Topical anesthetic
What is Cataracts?
Opacity or clouding of the eye lens (crystaline lens)
2. Affects visual acuity
Wear sunglasses to prevent
S&S of Cataracts?
- Halos around lights
- Faded colors
- Gradual loss or blurring of vision.
- Painless
Diagnose Cataracts?
- Visual acuity test
2. Opthalmoscopic exam of the eye
Treatment of cataracts?
Surgical correction and corrective lens
What is Glaucoma?
Accumulating fluid and pressure within the eye
S&S of Glaucoma?
- Mild ache or pain in eyes
- Visual disturbances
- Loss of peripheral vision
Diagnose Glaucoma?
- Tonometers to measure eye pressure
2. Visual acuity
Treatment of Glaucoma?
- Eye drops
- laser surgery
- microsurgery to lower eye pressure
What is Retinal Detachment and Causes?
- Complete or partial separation of the retinal
C= Trauma, tumors, diabetes mellitus
What are the S&S of Retinal Detachment?
- Seeing cobwebs
- Floating spots
- Flashes of light or sensation of shade coming over eye.
- PAINLESS. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY!
What is the treatment for Retinal Detachment?
Laser Surgery or cryopexy
What is Macular Degeneration?
Eye disease that changes the pigmented cells of the retina and macula
S&S of Macular Degeneration?
- Mild to severe vision loss, distortion
- Gradual loss of central vision
- loss of sharp vision
Treatment of Macular Degeneration and Diagnosis?
T= No cure .Laser treatment may delay onset of blindness
D=Amsler chart or grid to detect changes
What is Strabismus?
- Eye cannot be directed to focus on same object.
2. Eye may turn inward, cross-eye, or outward
S&S of Strabismus?
- Double vision (diplopia)
- Blurred vision
- Affected eye will appear to wander
Etiology of Strabismus?
- Genetics
- Injuries
- Inappropriate development
Treatment of Strabismus?
Depends on cause:
- Corrective lenses
- Eye exercises
- botulinum toxin injection
- surgical correction
What is conjunctivitis (pink eye) and the Etiology?
- Inflammation of conjunctiva
*most common disease worldwide
E=Viral or bacterial, irritations from temp or …
What is Uveitis?
Inflammation of Uveal tract (around iris)
What is the Etiology of Uveitis?
Autoimmune disorder or idiopathic
Microbial infections
Allergies, chemicals, trauma, surgery
S&S of Uveitis?
- PAIN
- Intense photophobia
- Blurred Vision
- Redness
- Dark floating spots
- Pupil that is nonreactive to light
Treatment of Uveitis?
- Wear dark glasses
- Eye drops to dilate the pupil and relieve pain
- steroid eye drops/ointment
What is Blepharitis?
Inflammation of the edges of eyelids
S&S of Blepharitis?
- Burning, flaking, itching of eye lid
- Red-rimmed eye lids
- Dry and oily scales on eyelid margins
Treatment of Blepharitis?
- Keep lids clean and free from crust
2. Warm compress, gentle washing of eyes
What is Keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea.
What is the Etiology of Keratitis?
- Infection or prolonged exposure to dry air or intense light.
- Could be cornea trauma, or dry air
S&S of Keratitis?
- discharge
- Irritation/redness
- Tearing
What is External Otitis (swimmers ear)?
Inflammation of the external ear canal
Etiology of External Otitis?
- Bacteria or fungal infection
2. Ear trauma
S&S of External Otitis?
- Pain
- Red, swollen ear canal
- drainage
Treatment of External Otitis?
- Antibiotics and analgesics
2. Hygiene and Heat compress
What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear.
Etiology of Otitis Media?
- Upper respiratory infection
2. Eustachian tube dysfunction
S&S of Otitis Media?
Fullness and pain in ear
fever and irritability
Diagnosis of Otitis Media?
Exam of ear
Treatment of Otitis Media?
- Antibiotics (amoxicillin)
2. equalizing tubes for reoccuring
What is Otosclerosis?
Metabolic imbalance causing bone to grow over the of the stapes.
Eventually will not be able to hear as well
S&S of Otosclerosis?
Hearing loss of low or soft tones
Treatment of Otosclerosis?
Hearing aids.
Prognosis of Otosclerosis?
improved with surgery
Etiology of motion sickness?
Abnormal equilibrium of organs of balance in inner ear
S&S of Motion Sickness?
- Loss of equilibrium
2. Nausea/vomiting
Treatment of Motion Sickness?
- Antihistamine
- antiemetics
- Sedative
What is Meniere Disease?
Chronic inner ear syndrome
common in 40-50 yo
S&S of Meniere Disease?
- vertigo
- tinnitus
- hearing loss
Treatment of Meniere Disease?
- Salt free diet
- diuretic
- mild sedative
Hearing loss etiology?
Can happen at any age
trauma
infections
Treatment for hearing loss?
- Hearing aids-mild
- Surgery
- Cochlear Implant
Prevention of hearing loss?
Ear protection and annual exams
Halos around lights lead us to believe its….?
Cataracts
Peripheral vision loss normally means…?
Glaucoma
Central (middle) vision loss normally means…?
Macular degeneration
What is the treatment of Nystagmus?
Treat the causes
