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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Lesson 6 Nervous System > Flashcards

Lesson 6 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three categories of headaches?

A
  1. Primary - tension, migraine, and cluster
  2. Secondary - caused by structural problem
  3. Cranial Neuralgias - facial pain and other headaches
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2
Q

What are the S&S of a headache?

A
  1. headache - dull ache or acute pounding
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3
Q

Treatment of headache?

A
  1. Analgesics: ibuprofren, acetomenophen, naxopren
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4
Q

Etiology of headache?

A

contracting muscles over the skull spasming and stressing cause pain

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5
Q

What is a migraine headache?

A
  1. intense, throbbing pain along with nausea and vommitting
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6
Q

S&S of migraine headache?

A
  1. aura
  2. flashing lights
  3. photophobia (sensitivity to light)
  4. throbbing, nausea and vomiting
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7
Q

Treatment of migraine headache?

A
  1. incense
  2. triptans like Imitrex
  3. rest in a quiet, dark room
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8
Q

What is a Cerebral Concussion?

A
  1. brain trauma- may have temp. loss of consciousness
  2. slowed heart rate
  3. lower blood pressure

Good prognosis

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Cerebral Concussion?

A
  1. rest

2. mild analgesics

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10
Q

What is subdural hematoma?

A

Severe blow to head with bleeding internally

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11
Q

Where is the bleeding with Subdural Hematoma?

A

Between:

  1. Dura mater
  2. arachnoid space
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12
Q

S&S of Subdural Hematoma?

A
  1. Slurred speech

2. confusion

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13
Q

How to diagnose Subdural Hematoma?

A

CAT scan

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14
Q

Treatment for Subdural Hematoma?

A
  1. craniotomy - incision into the cranium to release pressure from blood
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15
Q

S&S of abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome)?

A
  1. listless
  2. lethargic
  3. irritable
  4. pupils don’t dialate
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16
Q

What is the cause of Abusive Head Trauma?

A

Subdural Hematoma

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17
Q

What is the treatment for Abusive head trauma?

A
  1. medical emergency

2. immediate treatment to prevent further damage

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18
Q

What is the treatment for paraplegia and quadripalegia?

A

Immediate

  1. spinal alignment
  2. stabilize injured spinal area
  3. decompression of neurological structure
  4. early rehab to minimize long term paralysis
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19
Q

What is Acute Bacterial Meningitis?

A

Inflammation of meninges around brain and spinal cords. caused by bacterial or viral infection

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20
Q

S&S of Acute Bacterial Meningitis?

A
  1. sudden onset of severe headache
  2. vomiting
  3. seizures
  4. stiff neck
21
Q

Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis?

A
  1. antibiotics
  2. corticosteroids
  3. isolation
22
Q

What is Peripheral neuropathy?

A

Degeneration of nerves.

23
Q

S&S of Peripheral Neuropathy?

A
  1. tingling
  2. prickling
  3. burning
  4. sensitivity to touch
24
Q

What is the cause of Peripheral Neuropathy?

A

Diabetes, B12 deficiency,

25
Q

Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy?

A
  1. Toxins must be neutralized
  2. infections treated
  3. bed rest
  4. physical therapy
26
Q

What is Bells Palsy?

A

Facial nerves become paralyzed causing facial drooping

27
Q

Cause of Bells Palsy?

A
  1. Virus-viral meningitis
  2. tumors
  3. Lyme disease
28
Q

Treatment of Bells Palsy?

A

Antiviral meds - but will go away within 1-8 weeks

if scarring…can cause permanent symptoms

29
Q

What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)?

A

Hemorrhagic of blood vessels that supply blood to brain

30
Q

S&S of Cerebrovascular Accident?

A
  1. speech difficulty
  2. confusion
  3. body limp (impaired consciousness)
  4. double vision
31
Q

Treatment of Cerebrovascular Accident?

A
  1. Salvage damaged brain tissue-surgery
  2. drug therapy
  3. anticoagulent
32
Q

What is a Transient Ischemic Attack?

A

insufficient blood flow to part of the brain due to small emboli…temporary

33
Q

S&S of Transient Ischemic Attack?

A
  1. sudden onset of muscle weakness in arm, leg or foot on one side
  2. double vision (diplopia)
34
Q

What is Epilepsy?

A
  1. recurring attacks of sensory motor and psychological activity
35
Q

S&S of Epilepsy?

A
  1. aura
  2. uncontrollable twitch-seizure (partial or general)
  3. following a head trauma
  4. dizzy
36
Q

Treatment of Epilepsy?

A

anticonvulsant drugs

37
Q

What is Alzheimers Disease?

A

Neurons in the cerebral cortex become destroyed. The brain actually gets smaller.

38
Q

S&S of Alzheimers Disease?

A
  1. disoriented-memory loss
  2. confused
  3. lost-losing items
  4. anger
39
Q

Treatment of Alzheimers?

A
  1. cholinesterase

2. memantine

40
Q

What is Parkinsons Disease?

A

Loss of brain cells that make the neurotransmitter chemical dopamine. (lack of dopamine)
1. brain disease causing muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors

41
Q

S&S of Parkinsons Disease?

A
  1. slow shuffle
  2. rigid tremor
  3. stooped over appearance
42
Q

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrigs)?

A

neurodegeneration of cells in brain and spinal cord…death of nerve cells
*muscle deterioration

43
Q

S&S of ALS?

A
  1. Difficulty swallowing and chewing
  2. muscles contract involuntarily and twitch
  3. eventually paralyzed
44
Q

Treatment of ALS?

A

Riluzole-slows but no cure

45
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

A

destruction of lipids and protein layer in myelin sheath-

relapses

46
Q

S&S of MS?

A
  1. bad vision
  2. muscle weakness
  3. fatigue
  4. balance
47
Q

S&S of brain tumors?

A
  1. headache
  2. vomiting
  3. memory issues
  4. seizures
48
Q

Treatment of brain tumors?

A
  1. surgery
  2. radiation
  3. chemotherapy

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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