Lesson 9- Explaining Depression: Cognitive 🧠 approach- Beck ( 🧠 triad) & ABC model & Mustabatory Thinking 💭- Ellis

Question 1

What are the 2 explanations of depression & who came up with them & when did they do so?

Answer 1

1) Cognitive 🧠 Triad- Beck (1960)

2) ABC Model- Ellis (1962)

Question 2

What principle is Beck’s Cognitive 🧠 Triad based on?

Answer 2

👎 💭/schemas -> Depression & these schemas develop in 👶 hood

Question 3

What are 2 examples of 👎 schemas?

Answer 3

1) Self blame- responsible for all misfortunes

2) Ineptness- expect failure at everything

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of the 🧠 triad?

Answer 4

Stage 1: 👎 💭 about self- criticise themselves- worthless- ‘I am useless’
Stage 2: 👎 💭 about world- global negativity- 💭 larger scale
Stage 3: 👎 💭 about future 🕰- ‘I will always be useless’

Question 5

What are the evaluation points of Beck’s 🧠 triad?

Answer 5

👎- cause & effect not clear- 👎 💭 come first or depression-> 👎 💭
👍- Research support- Terry (2000)- 65🤰 women- 🧠 vulnerability. Women- ⬆️ 🧠 vulnerability (to 💭👎)- ⬆️ likely suffer post natal depression
👎- ✖️ explain how some depression symptoms develop- 😡, hallucinations, bizarre beliefs
👍- CB ( 🧠 🏃‍♂‍) approach looks at both approaches to find causes of depression instead of using them to contradict each other
— 🧠- 👎 💭
— 🏃‍♂‍- classical conditioning, operant conditioning & social learning

Question 6

What principle is Ellis’ ABC model based on?

Answer 6

Mustabatory 💭:
— ‘I must excel in all areas…otherwise I am worthless’
— Causes irrational & 👎 💭- emotionally damaging-> depression
— Disappointment bound to occur- expectations too ⬆️

Depression caused by irrational & 👎 beliefs- model shows formation

Question 7

What is the ABC model (3 stages)?

Answer 7

1) Activating Event: 👎 💭 triggered by event in environment e.g. exam failure- causes 👎 mood & outlook
2) Beliefs: 💭 & beliefs associated with activating event- e.g. stupid, useless
Beliefs rational (leads to appropriate consequences- 3) or irrational (leads to inappropriate consequences- 3)
3) Consequences: 💭 & beliefs-> 👎 emotions (upset-> drop out of 🏫 )

Question 8

What are the evaluation points of Ellis’ ABC model?

Answer 8

👎- cause & effect not clear- 👎 💭 come first or depression-> 👎 💭
👍- research support- Bates (1999)- depressed pps given 👎 💭statements-> pps- even more depressed- helps psychologists find useful treatments- depression- if cause of it (👎 💭) known
👎- biological 🧬 approach- criticise- 🧠 approach- suggest genes, neurotransmitters (⬇️ serotonin) – causes depression. Zhang (2005)- found gene- depression 10 times ⬆️ likely
👍- ABC Model- based- scientific 🧪 evidence- objective testing- ⬆️ understanding