Lesson 8 - Cell Membrane continued

Question 1

Facilitated Membrane Transport

Answer 1

Diffusion that needs help. Role in plasma membrane using pores, channels and carriers

Question 2

Channel Mediated Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 2

Diffusion of ions and cannot be controlled, open flow. Movement can only occur when channel is open though

Moves along concentration gradient. Example is sodium or potassium channels

Question 3

Carrier Mediated Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 3

carries bigger molecules such as glucose, amino acids..etc

Powered by concentration gradient and requires action by the carrier protein

Physical binding, shape will change and then flips

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 4

Moves glucose, high concentration area to low concentration

Involves binding and transportation

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

Against gradient and requires energy. Uses carrier

Sodium potassium pump is an example

Binds to protein and changes structure, phosphate physically binds. Flipping uses ATP so need another one

Question 6

Primary action transport

Answer 6

Sodium potassium pump, uses ATP to run pump. Na outside, K inside. Never enters cell

Question 7

Second active transport

Answer 7

1. Co transport mechanism
2. Counter transport

Question 8

Co transport mechanism

Answer 8

Second active transport
Powered by concentration gradient of one solute
Moves 2nd solute against gradient for “free”

Symporter

Question 9

counter transport

Answer 9

Similar to co but each molecules moves in opposite direction

Antiporter

Question 10

Vesicle transport

Answer 10

Endo and exocytosis

Endo is to take in and eco is to take out

Examples:
Ligand-mediated endocytosis- ties and then takes

Phagocytosis- digestion of molecules (process)

Pinocytosis- water in/out

Question 11

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 11

Binds molecules and then takes in as vesicle

1. Binds to LDL particle receptor
2. Taken in as vesicle
3. Uncoats of LDL particle receptor and recycles

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

Endo and exocytosis

sodium potassium pump at top, engulfs, form of vesicle transport

Question 13

Pinocytosis

Answer 13

Most cells can move water into the cell in bulk flow

Question 14

Epithelial transport

Answer 14

Both diffusion and active

combines both diffusion and active transport for movement

example: gut or kidney

Cordinated as it crosses all membranes, using co transport
Epithial cell to blood side uses sodium potassium part, high sodium inside cell

Lumen to intracellular is diffusion and intracellular to blood is active

Question 15

Cell communication

Answer 15

Important for controlling growth with reproduction and other processes. Tissues have to work together and most use ligands

Question 16

Ligands and types

Answer 16

Molecules that bind to cell or macromolecules

1. Channel linked receptors
2. Enzymatic Receptors
3. G protein coupled receptors

Question 17

Channel linked receptors

Answer 17

Neurotranmitters

Open and closed channels are controlled by ligands

Allows ions to move in or out of cells

Bind and initiate electrical impulse ‘neuro messages’

Question 18

Enzymatic Receptors

Answer 18

Change enzymes and processes in cell

Protein kinase enzymes turn on enzymes by adding/remvoing phosphates

Provides mechanism for altering enzymatic activity

Question 19

G protein coupled receptors

Answer 19

Open up ion channel or trigger new enzyme

Sliders

Question 20

Second messenger response and types

Answer 20

Specific response
change shape of binding protien activates 2nd response inside cell

1. cAMP
2. Calcium
3. Calmodulin

Question 21

cAMP

Answer 21

Activates protein kinase and has rapid application

Question 22

Calcium

Answer 22

activates protein kinase

Question 23

calmodulin

Answer 23

Another second messenger, similar response to cAMP, activates protein kinase