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259 > Lesson 3 - Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cage function

A

Movement- respiration and attachment site for muscles
support- weight of super limbs
protection- viscera

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2
Q

Sternum

A

Three parts-

Manubrium, Sternum body and Xiphoid process

also manubriosternal joint

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3
Q

Three types of ribs

A

Connected by costal cartilage (sternalcostal joint)
true ribs 1-7 - articulate directly with sternum
false ribs 8-10 - articulate indirectly with sternum
floating ribs 11-12 - no articulation with sternum

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4
Q

Space in between ribs

A

intercostal space

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5
Q

Superior and Inferior Thoracic aperture

A

Allows for communication bound by ostoeloigy

Superior: Communication between
thorax and upper limb, head,
neck

bound by manubruim (ant) and first ribs (lat) and 1st thoracic vertebrae (post)

inferior: Communication between
thorax and abdomen

bound by xiphinsternal joint (ant) floating ribs (post lat) and 12 thoracic vertebrae (post)

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6
Q

Vertebral collum function

A

protection - houses and protects spinal cord
support-body weight of body superior to pelvis
movement- important role in posture and flexible axis

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7
Q

33 vertebrae

A

breakfast at 7, cervical
lunch at 12, thoracic
dinner at 5, lumbar
sacrum =5
coccyx =4

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8
Q

Interverebral discs

A

slightly moveable, cartilage and used to protect

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9
Q

Curvatures

A

two types of curvature in the spine

1 and 2 degrees

1 degrees is Thoracic and Sacral Kyphosis

2 degrees is Lumbar and Cervical lordosis

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10
Q

Vertebral body

A

Ranging in different sizes the vertebral body supports everything superior to it

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11
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Including the pedicle and Lamina, the vertebral arch connects the spinal cord. There is two of each

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12
Q

Pedicles

A

there are two pedicles in the spine and they short, projecting posterity with vertebral body. can be seen lateraly

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13
Q

Lamina

A

Lamina are flatter bodies which unit the midline

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14
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

In the anatomical space in the spinal cord occupied by the CNS

foramen = one
foramina = a couple
canal = whole spine

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15
Q

What boarders the vertebral foreman

A

vertebral body
pedicles
lamina

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16
Q

The 7 processes (spinal)

A

Spinous process- where the two lamina unite. Saggittal Projection

Transverse x2- lateral projection

articulation processes x4

two of the superior and two inferior

17
Q

Vertebral notches

A

Superior and inferior, seen best laterally

inferior is articulation for intervertebral disc

18
Q

What’s surrounds intervertebral foramen (5). Connection area of sup and infer notches

A

iv disc
Superior and inferior articulation processes
vertebral body
pedicles

19
Q

Atypical vertebrae

A

Atlas= C1 Axis= C2

No vertebral body and connect with skull

C1 articulates with occipital condyle. C1 “carries the skull” containing a transverse foramen and process. The skull sits on the superior articular surface

C2 has the dens which forms the median altano axial joint with c1. The dens has a tooth like projection along with the spinous process for muscle attachment (bifid)

20
Q

Typical vertebrae cervical C3-7

A

Small vertebral body (works its way up). Has a transverse foramen and in the vertebral foramen the space is triangle shaped. Another spinous process (bifid)

c7 long sp

21
Q

Typical vertebrae thoaracic region T1-12

A

Vertebral body regular sized, heart shaped. Smaller vertebral foramen, small cause no nerves for limbs. Costal facets (for ribs). Transverse and spinous process long.

22
Q

Typical vertebrae lumbar region

A

Vertebral body is large to uphold weight of everything superior. Small triangle vertebral foramen. Spinous process flat and broad

23
Q

Sacral S1-5 and Coccygeal region Co1-4

A

Anterior side is smooth and posterior is rough for muscle attachment.

Sacral is 5 fused vertebrae while Coccyx is 3-4 fused (small)

Sacral canal is continued vertebrae foreman/canal

24
Q

Sacral and Coccygeal Region (5)

A

Medial sacral crest- spinous processes
Intermediate sacral crest x2 - articular processes
Lateral sacral processes x2 - transverse processes

  • =what they represent
25
Q

Spinal ligament (anterior and posterior )

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament- limits extension of vertebral column

posterior longitudinal ligament -limits flexion of vertebral column

26
Q

Intertransverse ligamen

A

limits lateral flexion

27
Q

inter and supraspinous ligaments

A

supra interspinous - limits flex

28
Q

Ligamentum flavus

A

yellow thick lumbar region, unites laminae. Forms wall for vertebral canal

29
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

In neck, limits flexion and provides attachment for muscles

259 (25 decks)

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