Lesson 3 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Thoracic cage function
Movement- respiration and attachment site for muscles
support- weight of super limbs
protection- viscera
Sternum
Three parts-
Manubrium, Sternum body and Xiphoid process
also manubriosternal joint
Three types of ribs
Connected by costal cartilage (sternalcostal joint)
true ribs 1-7 - articulate directly with sternum
false ribs 8-10 - articulate indirectly with sternum
floating ribs 11-12 - no articulation with sternum
Space in between ribs
intercostal space
Superior and Inferior Thoracic aperture
Allows for communication bound by ostoeloigy
Superior: Communication between
thorax and upper limb, head,
neck
bound by manubruim (ant) and first ribs (lat) and 1st thoracic vertebrae (post)
inferior: Communication between
thorax and abdomen
bound by xiphinsternal joint (ant) floating ribs (post lat) and 12 thoracic vertebrae (post)
Vertebral collum function
protection - houses and protects spinal cord
support-body weight of body superior to pelvis
movement- important role in posture and flexible axis
33 vertebrae
breakfast at 7, cervical
lunch at 12, thoracic
dinner at 5, lumbar
sacrum =5
coccyx =4
Interverebral discs
slightly moveable, cartilage and used to protect
Curvatures
two types of curvature in the spine
1 and 2 degrees
1 degrees is Thoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
2 degrees is Lumbar and Cervical lordosis
Vertebral body
Ranging in different sizes the vertebral body supports everything superior to it
Vertebral arch
Including the pedicle and Lamina, the vertebral arch connects the spinal cord. There is two of each
Pedicles
there are two pedicles in the spine and they short, projecting posterity with vertebral body. can be seen lateraly
Lamina
Lamina are flatter bodies which unit the midline
Vertebral foramen
In the anatomical space in the spinal cord occupied by the CNS
foramen = one
foramina = a couple
canal = whole spine
What boarders the vertebral foreman
vertebral body
pedicles
lamina
The 7 processes (spinal)
Spinous process- where the two lamina unite. Saggittal Projection
Transverse x2- lateral projection
articulation processes x4
two of the superior and two inferior
Vertebral notches
Superior and inferior, seen best laterally
inferior is articulation for intervertebral disc
What’s surrounds intervertebral foramen (5). Connection area of sup and infer notches
iv disc
Superior and inferior articulation processes
vertebral body
pedicles
Atypical vertebrae
Atlas= C1 Axis= C2
No vertebral body and connect with skull
C1 articulates with occipital condyle. C1 “carries the skull” containing a transverse foramen and process. The skull sits on the superior articular surface
C2 has the dens which forms the median altano axial joint with c1. The dens has a tooth like projection along with the spinous process for muscle attachment (bifid)
Typical vertebrae cervical C3-7
Small vertebral body (works its way up). Has a transverse foramen and in the vertebral foramen the space is triangle shaped. Another spinous process (bifid)
c7 long sp
Typical vertebrae thoaracic region T1-12
Vertebral body regular sized, heart shaped. Smaller vertebral foramen, small cause no nerves for limbs. Costal facets (for ribs). Transverse and spinous process long.
Typical vertebrae lumbar region
Vertebral body is large to uphold weight of everything superior. Small triangle vertebral foramen. Spinous process flat and broad
Sacral S1-5 and Coccygeal region Co1-4
Anterior side is smooth and posterior is rough for muscle attachment.
Sacral is 5 fused vertebrae while Coccyx is 3-4 fused (small)
Sacral canal is continued vertebrae foreman/canal
Sacral and Coccygeal Region (5)
Medial sacral crest- spinous processes
Intermediate sacral crest x2 - articular processes
Lateral sacral processes x2 - transverse processes
- =what they represent
Spinal ligament (anterior and posterior )
Anterior longitudinal ligament- limits extension of vertebral column
posterior longitudinal ligament -limits flexion of vertebral column
Intertransverse ligamen
limits lateral flexion
inter and supraspinous ligaments
supra interspinous - limits flex
Ligamentum flavus
yellow thick lumbar region, unites laminae. Forms wall for vertebral canal
Nuchal ligament
In neck, limits flexion and provides attachment for muscles
