Lesson #7 Flashcards
Proteins of microtubules:
Tubulin.
Proteins of microfilaments:
Actin + myosin.
Proteins of intermediate filaments, and their tissue type:
- Epithelial tissue - keratin protein.
- Messenchymal tissue - Vimentin protein.
- Muscle tissue - Desmin protein.
- Glial tissue - glia fibrillary acidic proteins.
- Nerve tissue - Neurofilaments.
Function of microfilaments (actin and myosin) cannot function without their two actin-binding proteins, what are the two types:
- Anchoring.
- Cross-linking.
Ankyrin, spectrin, and dystrophin are all __________ ___________.
Anchoring proteins.
Actinin and filamin are both _______-________ _________.
Cross-linking proteins.
Name the autosomal dominant disorder that causes deformation of RBC’s, leading to them being phagocytosed by macrophages.
Spherocytosis.
Why do spherocytes have an increased permeability to sodium?
Because the membrane is damaged and the Na+/K+ ATPase pump is dysfunctional.
Spherocytosis, a RBC condition, is caused by a mutation in -
a. Actinin and filaminin.
b. Ankyrin and spectrin.
c. Actinin and ankyrin.
d. Filamen and spectrin.
B - Ankyrin and spectrin.
What disease is caused by mutations in keratins 5 & 14 - Manifesting as blisters that develop soon after birth?
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)
What disease is caused by mutations in keratins 1 & 10 - and cause excessive keratinization leading to break down of the skin?
Epidermoyltic hyperkeratosis. (EH)
What disease is caused by mutations in keratin 9, and manifests as skin issues in the palms and soles?
Epidermoyltic plantopalmer keratoderma. (EPK)
Abnormal keratin genes will generally do what to the cell?
Weaken mechanical strength of cells.
Where are the microtubules found?
Mircrotubules are found in the cytoplasm of the cell, radiating out from the centrosome.
Microtubule specialized structures found in ALL cells:
Mitotic spindle and centrioles.
Microtubule specialized structures found in specific cells:
Cillia, flagella, and basal bodies.
Assembly MAPs:
Promote polymerization of microtubules, and inhibit depolymerization of microtubules.
Motor MAPs:
Walk along microtubles like a track.
Dynein and kinesin.
Axonemal dynein:
Moves 1 microtubule across the surface of another neighboring microtubule.
________ _____ are found in most cells, cannot move but are involved in signalling pathways, and function as mechanoreceptors to Ca++ flow.
Primary cilia.
_________ _______ disease is autosomal dominant. Has abnormal primary cilia function. And allows for renal epithelial tissues to have high rates of proliferation and apoptosis.
Polycystic kidney disease.
In polycystic kidney disease - The polycystin-2 protein, does what?
It will be a dysfunctional Calcium channel when diseased.
In polycystic kidney disease - The polycystin 1 protein (PC1), does what?
Is a large dysfunctional transmembrane protein, that functions as a sensor. Dysfunctional when diseased.
What genes encode for PC1 and PC2?
PKD1 and PKD2 (PKD = polycystic kidney disease)
True or false: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic disorder of the kidneys?
False - Autosomal DOMINANT polycystic kidney disease is the most prevalent genetic disease of the kidneys.
True or false: Polycystic kidney disease is the cause of 20% of end-stage renal disease.
FALSE - Polycystic kidney disease is only responsible for 10% of end-stage renal disease.
Immotile cilia syndrome is also know as:
Kartagener’s syndrome.
___________ __________ is an autosomal recessive condition that results from an abnormal axoneme due to defective of absent dynein.
Kartagener’s syndrome.
Kartagener’s syndrome manifestations -
- Prevents mucociliary clearance, causing frequent lung infections.
- it reduces sperm motility and egg transport - causing infertility.
- Causes situs inversus in 50% of patients - when the organs are on the wrong sides.
How do anti-mitotic drugs (taxol) work as an anti-tumor therapy?
The mitotic spindle is made up of microtubules, that polymerize and depolymerize to manipulate the movements of mitosis. The drug Taxol, prevents polymerization/depolymerization of the microtubules, which in turn stops mitosis from occurring, and prevents cell replication. This is vital to slow the spread of cancerous tumor cells.
