Lesson #1 Flashcards
Homeostasis:
- Is a dynamic steady state - not static
- A state of equilibrium.
- Is typically redundant - because it is require to maintain life.
Example of a disease that is very redundant:
Hypoglycemia.
Injury that has adaptable changes to manage it:
Reversible injury.
Injury that causes cell death:
Irreversible injury.
Etiology:
Causative factors of disease.
Pathogenesis:
Mechanism of disease.
Extrinsic:
Disease caused by environmental/outside factors.
Clinical manifestations:
Functional consequences of a disease.
Latrogenic:
Disease caused by medical errors - extrinsic.
Intrinsic:
Starts within the body - ie: an inherited or metabolic disease.
Idiopathic:
- Is a disease type where the causation is unknown.
- 90% of hypertension cases are idiopathic.
Pathogenesis is -
the relationship between an injury and the reaction to injury.
Examples of the pathogenesis - injury/reaction relationships:
Bacterial infection (syphillis) and pulmonary hypertension.
Signs:
Objective manifestations - ie: fever
Symptoms:
Subjective feelings - ie: nausea
Syndrome:
A collection of signs and symptoms associated with a disease.
Lesion:
Structural change - any injury.
Signs of Parkinsonism:
- Rigidity.
- Hypokinesia.
- Gait.
- Bent posture.
Symptoms of Parkinsonism:
- Depression.
- Expressionless.
- Monotonus voice.
Causation of Parkinsonism:
Deficiency of dopamine.
True or false - clinical manifestations are only systemic.
FALSE - Clinical manifestations can be systematic or localized.
Acute disease:
Severe, but very short-lived.
Chronic disease:
Lasts a very long time.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Latent:
The phase between the exposure and first signs/symptoms.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Prodomal:
Appearance of first signs and symptoms.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Stage of manifest of illness:
When disease is acute but the syndrome is full intensity.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Subclinical phase:
- Normal function, but disease is present and established processes.
- Organs have a reserve/safety margin for this stage, such as the liver.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Alternating exasperation and remission:
Often seen in some kinds of leukemia.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Convalescence:
Recovery stage.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Sequalae:
- After effects caused by a separate disease
- Ex - Viral infection –> pneumonia.
Stages of clinical manifestation - Complication:
- Secondary disease process.
- Pneumonia —> lung abscess.
Levels of prevention of disease:
- Primary - Managing susceptibility.
- Secondary - Early detection and management of disease.
- Quaternary - Alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
Incidence:
New cases.
Prevalence:
New + old cases.
Risk:
Number of people who experience event/# at risk
Odds:
Number of people who experience event/# of people who do not.
Endemic:
Confined to a local region.
Epidemic:
Spreads to many people at the same time.
Pandemic:
Epidemic that effects large geographic regions.
Enzootic:
Affecting animals in a limited region.
Epizootic:
Affecting many animals over a large region.
Zoonoses:
Animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans.
Example of zoonoses:
Middle east respiratory syndrome.
