Lesson 6 - Human Person as Embodied Spirits Flashcards
Believed that man are rational beings;
“Man by nature desires to know.”
Aristotle
Within Individuals and Society:
“Man is a social animal.”
Karl Marx
believed that “Man is his soul”
PLATO
the essence of his humanity and the
source of all his activities.
soul
What two concepts Plato believed?
Concept of Matter (physical) and Form (Ideal)
characteristics of body and form or soul to Plato
body - easily corrupted
form - eternal, immortal, true, real
3 Parts of the Soul according to Plato
- Appetitive
- Spiritual
- Rational
a part of soul that corresponds to the thirst and hunger in many forms a person experiences
Appetitive
a part of soul that relates to one’s emotional state
Spiritual
the highest part of the soul; lies in the mind of a person
Rational
concept division of the soul
Soul can be a driver of both sensible deeds or bad because of neglect and sinfullness
only possible if the soul is pure and immortal
The real knowledge of the form
believed that soul comes first
Plato
believed that soul comes first and can only exist with a body
Plato
“Man is the whole of his body and soul.”
ARISTOTLE
first actuality of a natural body
that has life potentially
Soul
He believed that the form of a single object was not a kind of abstract ideal
Aristotle
Relation of body and soul (Aristotle)
also the relation of matter to form.
There is no matter that is not informed by form, and no form
that is not the form of the matter.
it is what makes matter a matter a ‘this’,
form
the form of a living thing.
soul
3 degrees of soul according to Aristotle
– Nutritive
– Sensitive
– Rational
focuses on the soul of plants, including every one who provides nutrients
Nutritive
focuses on the emotions targeted to sentimental beings like animals
Sensitive
focuses on humans and their minds
Rational
serves as a doer in which it acts based on a person’s decision and rationale
First actuality
the one who dictates on what should be done
Potentiality
“The soul is not a soul if it is not the soul of a body.”
ST. AUGUSTINE
Man can be divided into…
body and soul (more important)
the unity of body and soul, and he can only exist as this unity.
Man
“we should doubt all
that we know because, first, they come from our senses which can be mistaken or can deceive us, and second, these can be just the
result of a dream.
Rene Descartes
“The human soul is the form of the body, the principle by which the body lives, and the principle in virtue of which bodily activities take place.”
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
“Even if I use the
methodic doubt, there is one truth that I
cannot deny or doubt: I think, therefore, I am (Cogito ergo sum). Even if I fully deny or doubt this, I only prove by my denial and doubting that I am thinking and existing.”
Rene Descartes
meditation, “even if we can prove
the reality of the world and material things, the real essence of man is still different from
his body
Rene Descartes
ob-jectum means
(“thrown in
front”).
“I have my body” and “I am my body”.
Human Person as Embodied Spirit
“my being-in-the-world is not the bodilylife alone nor the spiritual life alone but the life of an embodied spirit (‘etre incarnee’).”
Rene Descartes; Hman Person as embodied spirits
The Body as ‘intermediary’
It can either be a bridge or an obstacle.
body acts as
the intermediary between the self or subjectand the world.
The Body in ‘intersubjectivity’
intermediary between me and the world to others
Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power (Realizing one’s “higher self”):
- liberate himself from
environmental influences that are false to one’s essential beings, for the “unfree man” is a “disgrace
to nature”.
Spirit Vs Soul
SOUL is the essence of humanity’s being, it is who we are as humans.
the spark of light, the living
force in the body. It is the reason why we are living and moving around.
Spirit
the spark of light, the living
force in the body. It is the reason why we are living and moving around.
Spirit
refers to surpassing limitations of oneself
transcendence
“I place myself outside of the thing that I am inquiring on. An ob-jectum (“thrown in front”). It has nothing to do with myself nor do I have anything to do with it.” – Gabriel Marcel
Primary Reflection
the body talked about in anatomy,
physiology and other sciences. Because this is
an objective and universal idea, this can be the body of anybody else, and consequently
of nobody.
Primary Reflection
immediate
consciousness of what happens.
Thus, a human person concludes that ‘I HAVE A BODY.
Primary Reflection
“I recognize that I am part of the thing I am investigating, and therefore, my discussion is
sub-jective (“thrown beneath”). I have something to do with it and it has something to do with me. Because I participate in the
thing, I cannot tear it apart into clear and fixed ideas; I have to describe and bring it unique wholeness in my concrete
experience.”
Secondary Reflection
reconstruct the experience while
integrating what we have discovered from it, thus, a transcendence of knowledge through reflection on experience.
Secondary Reflection
The Human Person as Embodied Spirit
I cannot reduce myself to my body: I also experience myself as an I-spirit and will that can never be imprisoned in my flesh and bones. That is why we can say there are two faces shown in the experience of my body: “I
have my body” and “I am my body”.
He believed that the essence of humanity and the source of all human activities is the soul
Plato
He believes in the concept of matter and form
Plato
the concept of matter and form
Dualism
according to him, soul can finally be free from the body by death
Plato
according to him, the soul finally be freed from the body by death
Plato
according to him, the soul finally be freed from the body by death
Plato
according to him, man is the unity of the body and soul. He can only exist as these two unite; same side as Aristotle
St. Thomas Aquinas
“The soul is separate from the body and is more important as it is immortal and capable of intelligent thoughts.”
St. Augustine
“The human soul is the form of the body, the principle by which the body lives, and the principle in virtue of which bodily activities take place.”
St. Thomas Aquinas
“I in world, world in I.”
Intersubjectivity Theory
The body is not only an intermediary but is also in between me ang others; Interrelation with other people through the body
Body as Intersubjectivity
The body as a bridge or an obstacle
Body as Intermediary
Sides of Philosophers
Soul as the most important; Plato, St. Augustine
Body and Soul as a unity; Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas
one’s “higher self” therefore means
fulfilling one’s loftiest vision, noblest ideal.
Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power and WILL TO SURVIVE
The individual has to liberate himself from
environmental influences that are false to one’s
essential beings, for the “unfree man” is a “disgrace
to nature”.
Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power and WILL TO SURVIVE
the essence of humanity’s being,
it is who we are as humans.
SOUL
immaterial part of humanity
that connects with God.
SPIRIT
the heart of the body.
SOUL
the heart of the body. It does not
die. It is immortal part of a person that
transcends death and goes on to a higher
plane
SOUL
the spark of light, the living
force in the body. It is the reason why we are
living and moving around.
SPIRIT
Limitations-boundaries/disabilities
Physical Limitations
Emotional Limitations
Psychological limitations
Facticity
