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Introduction to Philosophy > Lesson 6 - Human Person as Embodied Spirits > Flashcards

Lesson 6 - Human Person as Embodied Spirits Flashcards

1
Q

Believed that man are rational beings;

“Man by nature desires to know.”

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Within Individuals and Society:

“Man is a social animal.”

A

Karl Marx

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3
Q

believed that “Man is his soul”

A

PLATO

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4
Q

the essence of his humanity and the

source of all his activities.

A

soul

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5
Q

What two concepts Plato believed?

A

Concept of Matter (physical) and Form (Ideal)

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6
Q

characteristics of body and form or soul to Plato

A

body - easily corrupted

form - eternal, immortal, true, real

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7
Q

3 Parts of the Soul according to Plato

A
  • Appetitive
  • Spiritual
  • Rational
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8
Q

a part of soul that corresponds to the thirst and hunger in many forms a person experiences

A

Appetitive

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9
Q

a part of soul that relates to one’s emotional state

A

Spiritual

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10
Q

the highest part of the soul; lies in the mind of a person

A

Rational

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11
Q

concept division of the soul

A

Soul can be a driver of both sensible deeds or bad because of neglect and sinfullness

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12
Q

only possible if the soul is pure and immortal

A

The real knowledge of the form

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13
Q

believed that soul comes first

A

Plato

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14
Q

believed that soul comes first and can only exist with a body

A

Plato

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15
Q

“Man is the whole of his body and soul.”

A

ARISTOTLE

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16
Q

first actuality of a natural body

that has life potentially

A

Soul

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17
Q

He believed that the form of a single object was not a kind of abstract ideal

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

Relation of body and soul (Aristotle)

A

also the relation of matter to form.

There is no matter that is not informed by form, and no form
that is not the form of the matter.

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19
Q

it is what makes matter a matter a ‘this’,

A

form

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20
Q

the form of a living thing.

A

soul

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21
Q

3 degrees of soul according to Aristotle

A

– Nutritive
– Sensitive
– Rational

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22
Q

focuses on the soul of plants, including every one who provides nutrients

A

Nutritive

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23
Q

focuses on the emotions targeted to sentimental beings like animals

A

Sensitive

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24
Q

focuses on humans and their minds

A

Rational

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25
Q

serves as a doer in which it acts based on a person’s decision and rationale

A

First actuality

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26
Q

the one who dictates on what should be done

A

Potentiality

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27
Q

“The soul is not a soul if it is not the soul of a body.”

A

ST. AUGUSTINE

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28
Q

Man can be divided into…

A

body and soul (more important)

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29
Q

the unity of body and soul, and he can only exist as this unity.

A

Man

30
Q

“we should doubt all
that we know because, first, they come from our senses which can be mistaken or can deceive us, and second, these can be just the
result of a dream.

A

Rene Descartes

31
Q

“The human soul is the form of the body, the principle by which the body lives, and the principle in virtue of which bodily activities take place.”

A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

32
Q

“Even if I use the
methodic doubt, there is one truth that I
cannot deny or doubt: I think, therefore, I am (Cogito ergo sum). Even if I fully deny or doubt this, I only prove by my denial and doubting that I am thinking and existing.”

A

Rene Descartes

33
Q

meditation, “even if we can prove
the reality of the world and material things, the real essence of man is still different from
his body

A

Rene Descartes

34
Q

ob-jectum means

A

(“thrown in

front”).

35
Q

“I have my body” and “I am my body”.

A

Human Person as Embodied Spirit

36
Q

“my being-in-the-world is not the bodilylife alone nor the spiritual life alone but the life of an embodied spirit (‘etre incarnee’).”

A

Rene Descartes; Hman Person as embodied spirits

37
Q

The Body as ‘intermediary’

A

It can either be a bridge or an obstacle.

body acts as
the intermediary between the self or subjectand the world.

38
Q

The Body in ‘intersubjectivity’

A

intermediary between me and the world to others

39
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power (Realizing one’s “higher self”):

A
  • liberate himself from
    environmental influences that are false to one’s essential beings, for the “unfree man” is a “disgrace
    to nature”.
40
Q

Spirit Vs Soul

A

SOUL is the essence of humanity’s being, it is who we are as humans.

41
Q

the spark of light, the living

force in the body. It is the reason why we are living and moving around.

A

Spirit

42
Q

the spark of light, the living

force in the body. It is the reason why we are living and moving around.

A

Spirit

43
Q

refers to surpassing limitations of oneself

A

transcendence

44
Q

“I place myself outside of the thing that I am inquiring on. An ob-jectum (“thrown in front”). It has nothing to do with myself nor do I have anything to do with it.” – Gabriel Marcel

A

Primary Reflection

45
Q

the body talked about in anatomy,
physiology and other sciences. Because this is
an objective and universal idea, this can be the body of anybody else, and consequently
of nobody.

A

Primary Reflection

46
Q

immediate
consciousness of what happens.
Thus, a human person concludes that ‘I HAVE A BODY.

A

Primary Reflection

47
Q

“I recognize that I am part of the thing I am investigating, and therefore, my discussion is
sub-jective (“thrown beneath”). I have something to do with it and it has something to do with me. Because I participate in the
thing, I cannot tear it apart into clear and fixed ideas; I have to describe and bring it unique wholeness in my concrete
experience.”

A

Secondary Reflection

48
Q

reconstruct the experience while

integrating what we have discovered from it, thus, a transcendence of knowledge through reflection on experience.

A

Secondary Reflection

49
Q

The Human Person as Embodied Spirit

A

I cannot reduce myself to my body: I also experience myself as an I-spirit and will that can never be imprisoned in my flesh and bones. That is why we can say there are two faces shown in the experience of my body: “I
have my body” and “I am my body”.

50
Q

He believed that the essence of humanity and the source of all human activities is the soul

A

Plato

51
Q

He believes in the concept of matter and form

A

Plato

52
Q

the concept of matter and form

A

Dualism

53
Q

according to him, soul can finally be free from the body by death

A

Plato

54
Q

according to him, the soul finally be freed from the body by death

A

Plato

54
Q

according to him, the soul finally be freed from the body by death

A

Plato

55
Q

according to him, man is the unity of the body and soul. He can only exist as these two unite; same side as Aristotle

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

56
Q

“The soul is separate from the body and is more important as it is immortal and capable of intelligent thoughts.”

A

St. Augustine

57
Q

“The human soul is the form of the body, the principle by which the body lives, and the principle in virtue of which bodily activities take place.”

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

58
Q

“I in world, world in I.”

A

Intersubjectivity Theory

59
Q

The body is not only an intermediary but is also in between me ang others; Interrelation with other people through the body

A

Body as Intersubjectivity

60
Q

The body as a bridge or an obstacle

A

Body as Intermediary

61
Q

Sides of Philosophers

A

Soul as the most important; Plato, St. Augustine

Body and Soul as a unity; Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas

62
Q

one’s “higher self” therefore means

fulfilling one’s loftiest vision, noblest ideal.

A

Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power and WILL TO SURVIVE

63
Q

The individual has to liberate himself from
environmental influences that are false to one’s
essential beings, for the “unfree man” is a “disgrace
to nature”.

A

Friedrich Nietzsche’s Will to Power and WILL TO SURVIVE

64
Q

the essence of humanity’s being,

it is who we are as humans.

A

SOUL

65
Q

immaterial part of humanity

that connects with God.

A

SPIRIT

66
Q

the heart of the body.

A

SOUL

67
Q

the heart of the body. It does not
die. It is immortal part of a person that
transcends death and goes on to a higher
plane

A

SOUL

68
Q

the spark of light, the living
force in the body. It is the reason why we are
living and moving around.

A

SPIRIT

69
Q

Limitations-boundaries/disabilities

A

Physical Limitations
Emotional Limitations
Psychological limitations
Facticity

Introduction to Philosophy (8 decks)

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