Lesson 6 (EENT) Flashcards
To investigate a complaint about the eyes, ears, nose and throat what should you ask for?
onset, location, duration, and characteristics (Symptoms as well as what aggravates them)
What do you get on Physical Assessment Interview Data (Subjective)?
History
What do you get on Physical Assessment Physical Data (Objective )?
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
or
IPPA
In the examination of the eyes, what includes in the assessment of external structures?
Visual Acuity, Ocular movement, Visual fields.
the degree of detail the eye can discern in an image
Visual Acuity
the ability of the eyes to move in various directions
Ocular movement
the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead
Visual fields
Most eye assessment procedures involve…
Inspection
Types of refractive error on the lenses of the eyes
Myopia
Hyperopia
Presbyopia
Astigmatism
nearsightedness
Myopia
farsightedness
Hyperopia
loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects
Presbyopia
An uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina
Astigmatism
Common inflammatory visual problems that nurses may encounter in clients include:
conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, hordeolum, iritis, and contusions or hematomas
inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
may result from foreign bodies, chemicals, allergenic agents, bacteria, or viruses. Redness, itching, tearing, and mucopurulent discharge occur.
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Dacryocystitis
is manifested by tearing and a discharge from the nasolacrimal duct.
Dacryocystitis
STY
Hordeolum
is a redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelids.
Hordeolum
inflammation of the iris
Iritis
Photophobia
sensitivity to light
may be caused by local or systemic infections and results in pain, tearing
Iritis
are “black eyes” resulting from injury.
Contusions or hematomas
tend to occur in individuals over 65 years old although they may be present at any age.
Cataracts
a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid, which causes an increase in intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
is the most frequent cause of blindness in people over age 40 although it can occur at younger ages
Glaucoma
Pupils are normally…
black, are equal in size (about 3 to 7 mm in diameter), and have round, smooth borders.
Cloudy pupils are often indicative of…
Cataracts
enlarged pupils
Mydriasis
may indicate injury or glaucoma, or result from certain drugs
Mydriasis
constricted pupils
Miosis
may indicate an inflammation of the iris or result from such drugs as morphine/ heroin and other narcotics, barbiturates, or pilocarpine
Miosis
unequal pupils
Anisocoria
may result from a central nervous system disorder; however, slight variations may be normal.
Anisocoria
A bulging toward the cornea can indicate…
increased intraocular pressure.
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES (EYE)
Snellen Chart
Near vision
Ishihara plates
Distant vision is tested by using the…
Snellen Chart
assessed by having a patient read from a prepared card that is held 14 inches away from the eyes
Near vision
commonly used to assess color vision.
Ishihara plates
Each of the colored dotted plates shows either a number or a path.
Ishihara plates
Assessment of the ear includes…
direct inspection and palpation of the external ear, inspection of the internal parts of the ear by an otoscope
instrument for examining the interior of the ear, especially the eardrum, consisting essentially of a magnifying lens and a light
Otoscope
The ear is divided into three parts:
The ear is divided into three parts:
The external ear includes:
auricle or pinna, the external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane, or eardrum
Landmarks of the auricle include:
Lobule
Helix
Antihelix
Tragus
Triangular fossa
External auditory meatus
a bony prominence behind the ear
Mastoid
air-filled cavity that starts at the tympanic membrane and contains three ossicles
Middle ear
three ossicles (bones of sound transmission):
Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrups)
another part of the middle ear, connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
eustachian tube
a seashell-shaped structure essential for sound transmission and hearing
Cochlea
The inner canal contains:
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular Canals
measure hearing at various decibels
Audiometric evaluations
is the result of interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures.
Conductive hearing loss
is the result of damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain.
Sensorineural hearing loss
is a combination of conduction and sensorineural loss.
Mixed hearing loss
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES (EAR)
Whisper Test
Rinne Test
Weber Test
effective screening test used to detect hearing impairment if performed accurately
Whisper Test
evaluates hearing loss by comparing air conduction to bone conduction.
Rinne Test
another way to evaluate conductive and sensorineural hearing losses
Weber Test
Assessment of the nose includes:
inspection and palpation of the external nose (the upper third of the nose is bone; the remainder is cartilage); patency of the nasal cavities; and inspection of the nasal cavities.
The mouth and oropharynx are composed of a number of structures:
lips, oral mucosa, the tongue and floor of the mouth, teeth and gums, hard and soft palate, uvula, salivary glands, tonsillar pillars, and tonsils.
Normally, three pairs of salivary glands empty into the oral cavity:
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Largest salivary gland and empties through stensen’s duct opposite the second molar.
Parotid gland
empties through wharton’s duct, which is situated on either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth
Submandibular gland
lies in the floor of the mouth and has numerous openings.
sublingual salivary gland
Dental caries
Cavities
Periodontal disease
Pyorrhea
two problems that most frequently affect the teeth
Cavities and Pyorrhea
an invisible soft film that adheres to the enamel surface of teeth
Plaque
a visible, hard deposit of plaque and dead bacteria that forms at the gum lines.
Tartar
Periodontal disease is characterized by…
gingivitis
red, swollen gingiva [gum]
gingivitis
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa
stomatitis
inflammation of the parotid salivary gland
parotitis
food, microorganisms, and epithelial elements
sordes.
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE of the nose
Inspect and palpate the external nose
Check thepatency of airflow
Inspect the internal nose
