Lesson 4.3: Properties of a Well-Written Text Flashcards
a summary that gives the essential features of a text. it shows how the parts of a text are related to one another as parts that are of equal importance, or sections that are subordinate to a main idea.
Outline
used to get the main ideas of a text that is already written
Reading Outline
skeletal overview of your draft, which contains the fundamental points and the different ideas that support them
Writing Outline
Outline works like a
map
it shows you where each of your ideas is placed in your writing; how all of them fit together; and how each idea leads to the central idea of your writing. it also determines the boundaries of your draft; how much of your subject you will need to cover without lacking or exceeding in details
Writing Outline
Parts of a formal outline
I. Main Idea
A. Supporting Idea 1
1. Supporting Idea 2
a. Supporting Idea 3
what do you label the first/level main topic with
Roman Numerals
what do you label subtopics under the second/main topic with?
Uppercase Letters
what do you label the supporting details under the subtopics (third level) with?
Arabic Numbers
what do you label the supporting details (fourth) level with?
Lowercase Letters
two kinds of generally accepted writing outlines
Scratch and Sentence Outlines
simple list of ideas that take the form of words and phrases. they are good for their brevity
scratch outlines
uses sentences to define the subject matter. they are good for their use of specific detail
sentence outlines
it is said hat ideas are well-developed when there is a clear statement of purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details, definitions, explanations, justifications, or opposing viewpoints
Organization
refers on how the ideas in the
text are organized or how the paragraph is arranged with its introduction, body, and
conclusion. It must also have the topic sentence or the main idea.
Organization
achieved when these ideas are logically and accurately arranged
Organization
organization is achieved when these
ideas are logically and accurately arranged
this means that sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making them easily understood by the reader
Coherence
very helpful when jumping ideas so that they will stick to each
other. This can be achieved by applying techniques such as: using topic sentence
at the beginning of the paragraph; placing major ideas in another paragraph and
sequencing the ideas in logical order or by numbering.
Coherence
connection of ideas at sentence level
Cohesion
property of a well-written text ensures the ideas are united at the
paragraph level
Coherence
a property of a well-written text that helps the ideas to become
meaningful by sticking the ideas together at the sentence level.
Cohesion
How can cohesion be achieved?
by using transitional devices, pronouns, subordinators, coordinators, and lexical patterning
How can coherence be achieved?
using topic sentences, placing major ideas in separate paragraphs, sequencing ideas in logical order, numbering, and using paragraph patterns
patterns include defining, narrating, describing, and classifying
the property of unity in a written text or a segment of spoken discourse that stems from links among its surface elements, as when words in one sentence are repeated in another, and especially from the fact that some words or phrases depend for their interpretation upon material in preceding or following text
Cohesion
the details are arranged in the order in which they happened
Chronological order
It is a technique in arranging the text observing the
chronological order or time, process or sequence, and narration of events by using
signal words like first, second, third, initially, primarily, following, preceding,
next, when, later, before, after, then, until, not long after that, finally, lastly, at
last, etc.
sequential order
This is another technique in organizing the paragraph pertaining
to space, position, or location of people or things by using signal words like above,
below, under, behind, beside, beyond, alongside, nearby, in front of, inside,
outside, on top of, etc. that is very suitable when describing about the geographical location of things or people
Spatial Order
the sentences of a paragraph are arranged according to geographical location, such as left-to-right, up-to-down, etc.
Spatial Order
when information found in a paragraph is arranged to emphasize certain points depending on the writer’s purpose
Emphatic Order
Emphatic order can be arranged in two ways
- least to most important
- most to least important
This technique in organizing compositions refers to the
logical order from simple to complex, inductive to deductive, cause and effect,
and problem and solution to help the writers explain their ideas. This can also be
done by defining and illustrating.
Complexity Order
signal words like
for, because, since, as a consequence, due to, etc
Cause-Effect
Signal words like because, as a
solution, consequently, so that, therefore, etc
Problem-Solution
transitional devices such as is defined as, means, refers to, to
illustrate, as defined, etc.
Defining
