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Biology Yr10 > Lesson 3: Health and non- communicable disease > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Health and non- communicable disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A
  • Health is the state of physical and mental wellbeing.
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2
Q

What are non- communicable diseases?

A
  • Diseases that aren’t caused by pathogens. (instead by risk factors)
  • Can’t be passed from person to person.
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3
Q

What are communicable diseases?

A
  • Caused by pathogens
  • Can spread from person to person.
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4
Q

What main factors have a big impact on health?

A
  • Communicable/ non- communicable disease.
  • Life situations
  • Stress
  • Diet
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5
Q

Give a life situation someone may be in that would make them prone to poor health.

A
  • Working with harmful chemicals.
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6
Q

What type of disease is more common if there is immune defects?

A
  • Infectious disease ie. TB
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7
Q

If someone has HPV (virus), what could they develop?

A
  • Cervical cancer
  • Viruses may cause cervical cancer.
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8
Q

What can immune reactions sometimes trigger?

A
  • May trigger allergies like skin rashes and asthma.

pathogen is engulfed but they are left with alergy

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9
Q

Give 4 examples as to how diseases interract.

A
  • Immune defects (HIV) = more infectious disease
  • Viruses in cells (HPV/ Hepatitis) = cancer
  • Immune reactions from pathogens = allergies (skin rashes/ asthma)
  • Severe physical ill health can lead to depression
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10
Q

What is a risk factor?

A
  • Something that causes an increased rate of disease.
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11
Q

What is epidemiology?

A
  • Epidemiology is studying patterns of disease to determine risk factors.
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12
Q

If there is a positive correlation between smoking and developing lung cancer, does that mean smoking causes lung cancer.

A
  • No. It only means that they may be linked.
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13
Q

What is a causal mechanism?

A
  • When scientists try to find a scientific definition as to how a lifestyle habit is causing disease.
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14
Q

What is the issue with sampling people from one town to see the effect diet has on a disease?

A
  • It is **biased **
  • The town may have below average exercise which is increasing disease.
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15
Q

How do you avoid bias in a sample?

A
  • Large sample
  • Random sample
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16
Q

Can we draw conclusions for a population based on a sample from 1 town?

A
  • No
  • Small sample
  • Non- random people
17
Q

What 2 sections can risk factors be divided into?

A
  • Substances in body or environment (radon –> lung cancer)
  • Person’s lifestyle (smkoking, exercise)
18
Q

How would a diet high in salt and fat increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?

A
  • High in fat = build up of fatty deposit in coronary arteries
  • Salt = high pressure
  • Increases likelihhod of coronary heart disease.
19
Q

If someone exercised regularly, are they likely to get a cardiovascular disease?

A
  • No.
  • No build up of fatty deposity
  • Heart gets stronger
20
Q

How does smoking increases the likelihood of coronary heart disease?

A
  • Build up of fatty deposit in coronary arteries.
21
Q

What 2 types of diseases can be caused in the lungs due to smoking?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Lung cancer
22
Q

Why does smoking cause lung cancer?

A
  • Because of carcinogens in cigarettes.
23
Q

What effect does smoking have on unborn babies?

A
  • Premature birth
  • Potential miscariage
24
Q

What effect does drinking alcohol have on unborn babies?

A

**- Fetal alcohol syndrome **
- Learning difficulties and physical deffects from disease.

25
Q

What effect does drinking alcohol have on adults?

A
  • Liver cancer
  • Effect brain: addiction// memory loss.
26
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Cells become resistant to insulin.
  • Causes blood sugar levels to rise.
27
Q

What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

28
Q

What are the outcomes of type 2 diabetes?

A
  • May need amputation of limb
  • Blindness
29
Q

Give 1 example of risk factors interracting.

A

Drinking alcohol - obese - type 2 diabetes.

30
Q

What is radon and what disease is caused by it?

A
  • Radioactive gas that causes lung cancer.
31
Q

What type of disease does ionising radiation increase the likelihhood of?

A
  • Increases likelihood of cancer.
32
Q

Q.)

Experiment = see how long it takes different weight-loss programmes for people to lose weight

There is a control group
What should this control group eat? (1 mark)

A
  • What they usually eat
33
Q

Q.)

Scientists estimate that about one third of cancers in the UK may be linked to obesity.

Name two diseases linked to obesity.

Do not give cancer as one of your answers.

A
  • Diabetes
  • Heart/ blood vessel disease
34
Q

Q.)

Explain how a fetus may be affected if the mother smokes tobacco.

A
  • Less oxygen being transported to baby through blood.
  • Stunted growth

Biology Yr10 (27 decks)

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