Lesson 3: Health and non- communicable disease Flashcards
What is health?
- Health is the state of physical and mental wellbeing.
What are non- communicable diseases?
- Diseases that aren’t caused by pathogens. (instead by risk factors)
- Can’t be passed from person to person.
What are communicable diseases?
- Caused by pathogens
- Can spread from person to person.
What main factors have a big impact on health?
- Communicable/ non- communicable disease.
- Life situations
- Stress
- Diet
Give a life situation someone may be in that would make them prone to poor health.
- Working with harmful chemicals.
What type of disease is more common if there is immune defects?
- Infectious disease ie. TB
If someone has HPV (virus), what could they develop?
- Cervical cancer
- Viruses may cause cervical cancer.
What can immune reactions sometimes trigger?
- May trigger allergies like skin rashes and asthma.
pathogen is engulfed but they are left with alergy
Give 4 examples as to how diseases interract.
- Immune defects (HIV) = more infectious disease
- Viruses in cells (HPV/ Hepatitis) = cancer
- Immune reactions from pathogens = allergies (skin rashes/ asthma)
- Severe physical ill health can lead to depression
What is a risk factor?
- Something that causes an increased rate of disease.
What is epidemiology?
- Epidemiology is studying patterns of disease to determine risk factors.
If there is a positive correlation between smoking and developing lung cancer, does that mean smoking causes lung cancer.
- No. It only means that they may be linked.
What is a causal mechanism?
- When scientists try to find a scientific definition as to how a lifestyle habit is causing disease.
What is the issue with sampling people from one town to see the effect diet has on a disease?
- It is **biased **
- The town may have below average exercise which is increasing disease.
How do you avoid bias in a sample?
- Large sample
- Random sample
Can we draw conclusions for a population based on a sample from 1 town?
- No
- Small sample
- Non- random people
What 2 sections can risk factors be divided into?
- Substances in body or environment (radon –> lung cancer)
- Person’s lifestyle (smkoking, exercise)
How would a diet high in salt and fat increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?
- High in fat = build up of fatty deposit in coronary arteries
- Salt = high pressure
- Increases likelihhod of coronary heart disease.
If someone exercised regularly, are they likely to get a cardiovascular disease?
- No.
- No build up of fatty deposity
- Heart gets stronger
How does smoking increases the likelihood of coronary heart disease?
- Build up of fatty deposit in coronary arteries.
What 2 types of diseases can be caused in the lungs due to smoking?
- Emphysema
- Lung cancer
Why does smoking cause lung cancer?
- Because of carcinogens in cigarettes.
What effect does smoking have on unborn babies?
- Premature birth
- Potential miscariage
What effect does drinking alcohol have on unborn babies?
**- Fetal alcohol syndrome **
- Learning difficulties and physical deffects from disease.
