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Biology Yr10 > Lesson 2: Cardiovascular disease > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Cardiovascular disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What builds up in coronary arteries when people have coronary heart disease?

A
  • Fatty Material
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2
Q

What is the build up of fatty material in arteries often caused by? (2)

A
  • Lack of exercise
  • Eating a lot of food (obesity)
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3
Q

What is the impact of fatty material building up in coronary arteries?

A
  • Narrows the artery
  • Reduces blood flow through coronary arteries
  • Less oxygen supplied to the heart.
  • Build up of lactic acid = heart attack.
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4
Q

What do statins do?

A
  • Statins lower blood cholsterol levels which slows down fatty deposit build up.
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5
Q

What is meant by cardiovascular disease?

A
  • Anything related to the heart and blood vessels.
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6
Q

Give 2 advantages of statins.

A
  • Reduce risk of stroke, heart attack, coronary heart disease. (effective treatment.)
  • Increases healthy cholesterol (this gets rid of unhealthy one.)
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7
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of statins.

A
  • Negative side- effects ie. kidney failure/ memory loss.
  • Isn’t instant –> takes time.
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8
Q

What is a stent?

A
  • A metal mesh that expands arteries + pushes fatty deposit.
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9
Q

What is the impact of the stent?

A
  • Expands artery, making it easier for blood to flow through.
  • Supplies oxygen to the heart muscle.
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10
Q

Give 2 advantages of stents

A
  • Reduce risk of coronary heart disease (allows blood to flow normally)
  • Surgery recovery time = quick
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11
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of stents.

A
  • Stent could break
  • May lead to blood clot near stent.
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12
Q

What happens during blood clotting when you get a cut?

A
  • Platlets fill the gap where the cut has been made, ensuring blood doesn’t get lost.
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13
Q

Why are blood clots in arteries negative?

A
  • Means that blood isn’t flowing and carrying oxygen well.
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14
Q

What are 2 incidents where the heart valves are faulty?

A

1.) Not opening properly
2.) A gap that devolops a leak (causing backflow)

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15
Q

What are the consequences of faulty valves?

A

1.) Less blood going through
2.) Backflow (making it inefficient.) from a leak.
3.) Patient may feel tired and weak because of this.

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16
Q

What is the solution to faulty valves?

A
  • Replace with mechanical/ biological valves.
17
Q

What 3 things may cause a heart valve to be weakened?

A
  • Infection
  • Old age
  • Heart attacks
18
Q

If there is heart failure what can be done to solve this issue?

A
  • Transplant donor heart and lung.
19
Q

What is an artifical heart?

A
  • A mechanical device that is temporarily used to pump blood around body
  • Used ocasionally to keep patient alive whilst waiting for heart transplant or to allow heart to rest as recovery.
20
Q

What are the 2 cases where artifical hearts are used?

A
  • Waiting for donor heart
  • Resting heart after heart attack
21
Q

Give 1 advantage of artificial hearts.

A
  • Less likely to be rejected by body because made of metals/ plastic
22
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of artifical hearts.

A
  • Bleeding (patient needs to take anticlotting.)
  • Unreliable (may break)
  • Blood clots

during surgery = infection

23
Q

Give 2 advantage of heart transplants.

A
  • Reliable and healthy (blood flows smoothly.)
  • Long- term solution
24
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of heart transplants.

A
  • Patient needs to take drugs to stop heart from being rejected.
  • Not enough donated hearts for everyone.
25
Q

Why is bleeding an issue when fitting artifical heart?

A
  • Blood is thinned to reduce clots
  • This means there will be a lot of bleeding if there was an accident.
26
Q

Why does a high blood pressure increase likelihood of coronary heart disease?

A
  • High pressure puts extra strain on the heart muscle.

High blood pressure requires more energy to push

27
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A
  • The narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a build up of fatty deposit.
28
Q

Give 1 advantage and disadvantage of mechanical valves.

A

A: Lasts a lifetime
D: Clot may form, patient needs to take anticlotting drugs.

29
Q

Give 1 advantage and disadvantage of biological valves.

A

A: Don’t need to take anticlotting drugs
D: Doesn’t last a lifetime, needs to be replaced.
More likely to need to be rejected by body.

30
Q

What is heart failure?

A
  • When patient’s heart can’t transport enough blood around the body.
31
Q

Why would blockage in coronary arteries cause heart cells to die? (2)

A
  • less blood flowing through the heart.
  • Less oxygen supplied to the cells.
32
Q

Q.)

Explain why only having one ventricle makes the circulatory system less efficient than having two ventricles.

A
  • Blood will mix
  • Less oxygen will be transported to cells and tissues.

Biology Yr10 (27 decks)

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