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Patho > Lesson 3 Cardiovascular Drug > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Cardiovascular Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma, hay fever , anaphylaxis

A

Cause by IgE antibody attach to mast cell
Degranulation of mast cell
Massive amount will lead to anaphylaxis -> rare but life threatening reaction
Antigens that can trigger allergy are called allergens

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2
Q

Hay fever and antihistamines

A

Hay fever is caused by allergy to grass pollen, while antihistamine can control part of the symtoms

Antihistamine is an antagonist that block h1 histamine receptors

Old antihistamines have antimuscarinic action that pass thru brain, new don’t and hence less drowsiness

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

Group： allergy drug
Mode: act on blood vessels, GI, respiratory system competing with histamine for h1 receptors, decrease allerguc response

Uses: allergy symptoms
Side effects: drowsiness
Implementation: advice for dizziness and dry mouth

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4
Q

Promethazine

A

Allergy drug
Mode：competing against h1 receptor site, decrease allergic response by blocking histamine
Use: allergy symptonms
Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness
Implementation: remind patient of dizziness and drowsiness

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5
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

Allergic drugs
Mode: antihistaminic response
Use: allergic response+ anxiety
Side effects, drowsiness

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6
Q

Asthma

A

Inflammatory disease which airway is chronically narrowed
Patient suffer in wheezing and difficulty of breathing

Cause: spasm of bronchial smooth muscle
Inflammatory cell
->vasodilation, oedema, mucus secretion

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7
Q

Drugs for asthma

A
  1. B2 adrenoceptor agonists (+ inhaled steroid if need >1/day)
  2. More severe then add long acting B-stimulants (salmeterol)
  3. Add leucotriene receptor agonist
  4. Add oxygen 40-60%
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8
Q

Puff for asthma (ventolin)

A

Ventolin
Mode: actions on b2 receptors by increasing level of bronchodilation
Use: when asthma
Side effects: anxiety, tremors
Implementation: educate patient ti use inhaler

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9
Q

Ipratropium

A

Asthma inhaler drug
Mode: inhibit interaction with acetylcholines receptor on bronchial smooth muscle
Use: asthma
Side: anxiety, dizziness
Implementation: education to clients on how to use inhaler

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10
Q

Salmeterol+fluticasone

A

Puff for asthma, combined drug
Mode: Salmeterol act as anti-inflammatary, fluticasone is a cortisteroid.
Use: asthma
Side: cardiac arrthymias
Implementation: educate clients to rinse mouth

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11
Q

Budesonide+ Formoterol

A

Combination of puff for asthma
Mode: budesonide act as steroid, formoterol act as long act b2 blocker
Use: asthma
Side: headache, tremor
Implementation: educate patient to rinse mouth

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12
Q

Inhalation capsule( tiotropium bromide)

A

Mode: bind to muscarinic receptors and inhibit effects of acetylcholine.
Use: COPD( Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Side: dry mouth, dizziness
Implementation: educate client to use the inhalation device

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13
Q

Salbutamol sulphate

A

Oral drug for asthma
Mode: cause bronchodilation by action of b2 receptors
Uses: asthma
Side effects: tremor, anxiety

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14
Q

Montelukast Sodium

A

Oral drug for asthma
Mode: inhibit leukotriene formation
Use: asthma
Side: dizziness
Implementation: eat in pm

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15
Q

Theophylline

A

Oral asthma drug
Mode: relax smooth muscle of respiratory system
Use: bronchial asthma
Side : anxiety, insomnia
Implementation. Pc

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16
Q

Terbutaline sulfate

A

Iv infusion drug for asthma
Mode: brinchodilator
Use: asthma
Side effects: headache, tremor
Implementation: only give to cases in hospital severe case

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17
Q

Cortisteroid

A

Cortisteroid can increase the airway calibre in asthma
Oral administration of steroids can nring serious side effects, btu aerosal administrstion do not, such as budesonide, fluticasone.

18
Q

Adverse effects of glucocorticods

A

Facial erythema
Insomnia, mood disorder
Moon facies
Buffalo hump
Acne
Respiratory tract infection
Skin thinning
Striae
osteoporosis
Poor wound healing
Myopathy
Purpura

19
Q

Prednisolone+ cortisone+dexamethasone+prednisone

A

Oral corticosteroids
Mode: decrease inflammation
Use: severe inflammation
Side: depression, nausea
Monitor bodyweight, bp, temp

20
Q

Beclomethasone+betamethasone

A

Puff-corticosteroid
Mode: anti-inflammatory
Use: asthma
Side effects: headache, dryness
Betamethasone (sweating)
Implementation: educate patient to use inhaler

21
Q

Synalar cream

A

Topical preparation (cream)
Mode: topical anti-inflammatory
Use: local inflammatory
Side: hypersensitivity reactions

22
Q

Triderm cream

A

Topical preparation cream of corticosteroid
Mode: corticosteroid
Use: eczema, contact dermatitis
Side effects: acne, atrophy, epidermal thinning

23
Q

Cough

A

Cough is a normal physiological reflex to free the respiratory tract from secretion and remove these matters

Cough should not be be routinely suppressed

24
Q

MES

A

Cough（驅痰）（馬尿）
Mode: cough expectorant
Use: when cough or cold
Side: drowsiness

25
Q

Actified compound

A

咳藥水
Competitive histamine receptor agonist
Use: URTI
Decongestant
Antihistamine
Antitussive
Side: antihistamine: drowsiness, dryness of nose mouth throat, urinary retention constipation

26
Q

Dequalinium chloride

A

得果定
Mode: mild local anaesthesia(麻醉）
Use: soar throat

27
Q

Benzydamine Hydrochloride

A

Throat preparation
mode: relieve mild to moderate pain and inflammation, prevent formation of prostaglandins
Local anesthetic

28
Q

Lysozyme

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Uses: oral and oropharynx inflammation

29
Q

Bromhexine

A

Anti-inflammatory
Mode: Bronchial mucolytic
Uses: acute and chronic bronchopulmonary disease
side effects: GI disturbance
Implementation: shd take with food

30
Q

Acetylcystine

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Mode:
Reduce viscosity 黏度 of secretion in respiratory tract
Use: pneumonia
(Hepatoxicity)
Side: drowsiness, nausea
Implementation: teach client unpleasant smell decrease by time using it

31
Q

Prochlorperazine, metoclopramide

A

Nausea and vomiting drug
Metoclopramide: gastric muscle contraction
Antimuscarinic- nausea, vomit

32
Q

Merislon (betahistine)

A

Vertigo drug

33
Q

Panadol

A

Remove mild to moderate pain
Side: hepatoxicity (Acetylcysteine)

34
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid drug( strong pain inhibitor)
Bind to opioid receptor
Use: for moderate to severe pain
Side: drowsiness, nausea, constipation

35
Q

Aspirin, brufen, indocid, ponsten, Feldene, Naprosyn

A

NSAIDMode: inhibit prostaglandins synthesis
Side: GI bleeding, anemia
Implementation: access history of peptic ulcer

36
Q

Opioid analgesics

A

Opioid analgesics is a drug that cause prolong activation of mu-receptors
Overdose: respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence

37
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid analgesics
Use: non productive cough
Side: constipation, respiratory, depressin

38
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid analgesics
Mode: inhibit pain pathway in CNS
side: bradycardia, cardiac arrest

39
Q

Morphine, pethidine

A

Opioid analgesics

40
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid analgesics
Mode: depress pain transmission
Uses: opiate withdrawal

41
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

Opioid analgesics
Mode: anesthetic action on urinary tract
Uses: urinary tract irritation
Side: orange red urine

Patho (12 decks)

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