1. B2 adrenoceptor agonists (+ inhaled steroid if need >1/day) 2. More severe then add long acting B-stimulants (salmeterol) 3. Add leucotriene receptor agonist 4. Add oxygen 40-60%

Lesson 3 Cardiovascular Drug Flashcards by Chun Wing Wong

Asthma, hay fever , anaphylaxis

Cause by IgE antibody attach to mast cell
Degranulation of mast cell
Massive amount will lead to anaphylaxis -> rare but life threatening reaction
Antigens that can trigger allergy are called allergens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hay fever and antihistamines

Hay fever is caused by allergy to grass pollen, while antihistamine can control part of the symtoms

Antihistamine is an antagonist that block h1 histamine receptors

Old antihistamines have antimuscarinic action that pass thru brain, new don’t and hence less drowsiness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chlorpheniramine

Group： allergy drug
Mode: act on blood vessels, GI, respiratory system competing with histamine for h1 receptors, decrease allerguc response

Uses: allergy symptoms
Side effects: drowsiness
Implementation: advice for dizziness and dry mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Promethazine

Allergy drug
Mode：competing against h1 receptor site, decrease allergic response by blocking histamine
Use: allergy symptonms
Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness
Implementation: remind patient of dizziness and drowsiness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hydroxyzine

Allergic drugs
Mode: antihistaminic response
Use: allergic response+ anxiety
Side effects, drowsiness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asthma

Inflammatory disease which airway is chronically narrowed
Patient suffer in wheezing and difficulty of breathing

Cause: spasm of bronchial smooth muscle
Inflammatory cell
->vasodilation, oedema, mucus secretion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs for asthma

B2 adrenoceptor agonists (+ inhaled steroid if need >1/day)
More severe then add long acting B-stimulants (salmeterol)
Add leucotriene receptor agonist
Add oxygen 40-60%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Puff for asthma (ventolin)

Ventolin
Mode: actions on b2 receptors by increasing level of bronchodilation
Use: when asthma
Side effects: anxiety, tremors
Implementation: educate patient ti use inhaler

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ipratropium

Asthma inhaler drug
Mode: inhibit interaction with acetylcholines receptor on bronchial smooth muscle
Use: asthma
Side: anxiety, dizziness
Implementation: education to clients on how to use inhaler

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Salmeterol+fluticasone

Puff for asthma, combined drug
Mode: Salmeterol act as anti-inflammatary, fluticasone is a cortisteroid.
Use: asthma
Side: cardiac arrthymias
Implementation: educate clients to rinse mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Budesonide+ Formoterol

Combination of puff for asthma
Mode: budesonide act as steroid, formoterol act as long act b2 blocker
Use: asthma
Side: headache, tremor
Implementation: educate patient to rinse mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inhalation capsule( tiotropium bromide)

Mode: bind to muscarinic receptors and inhibit effects of acetylcholine.
Use: COPD( Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Side: dry mouth, dizziness
Implementation: educate client to use the inhalation device

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Salbutamol sulphate

Oral drug for asthma
Mode: cause bronchodilation by action of b2 receptors
Uses: asthma
Side effects: tremor, anxiety

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Montelukast Sodium

Oral drug for asthma
Mode: inhibit leukotriene formation
Use: asthma
Side: dizziness
Implementation: eat in pm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Theophylline

Oral asthma drug
Mode: relax smooth muscle of respiratory system
Use: bronchial asthma
Side : anxiety, insomnia
Implementation. Pc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Terbutaline sulfate

Iv infusion drug for asthma
Mode: brinchodilator
Use: asthma
Side effects: headache, tremor
Implementation: only give to cases in hospital severe case

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cortisteroid

Cortisteroid can increase the airway calibre in asthma
Oral administration of steroids can nring serious side effects, btu aerosal administrstion do not, such as budesonide, fluticasone.

Adverse effects of glucocorticods

Facial erythema
Insomnia, mood disorder
Moon facies
Buffalo hump
Acne
Respiratory tract infection
Skin thinning
Striae
osteoporosis
Poor wound healing
Myopathy
Purpura

Prednisolone+ cortisone+dexamethasone+prednisone

Oral corticosteroids
Mode: decrease inflammation
Use: severe inflammation
Side: depression, nausea
Monitor bodyweight, bp, temp

Beclomethasone+betamethasone

Puff-corticosteroid
Mode: anti-inflammatory
Use: asthma
Side effects: headache, dryness
Betamethasone (sweating)
Implementation: educate patient to use inhaler

Synalar cream

Topical preparation (cream)
Mode: topical anti-inflammatory
Use: local inflammatory
Side: hypersensitivity reactions

Triderm cream

Topical preparation cream of corticosteroid
Mode: corticosteroid
Use: eczema, contact dermatitis
Side effects: acne, atrophy, epidermal thinning

Cough

Cough is a normal physiological reflex to free the respiratory tract from secretion and remove these matters

Cough should not be be routinely suppressed

MES

Cough（驅痰）（馬尿）
Mode: cough expectorant
Use: when cough or cold
Side: drowsiness

Actified compound

咳藥水 Competitive histamine receptor agonist Use: URTI Decongestant Antihistamine Antitussive Side: antihistamine: drowsiness, dryness of nose mouth throat, urinary retention constipation

Dequalinium chloride

得果定 Mode: mild local anaesthesia(麻醉） Use: soar throat

Benzydamine Hydrochloride

Throat preparation mode: relieve mild to moderate pain and inflammation, prevent formation of prostaglandins Local anesthetic

Lysozyme

Anti-inflammatory drug Uses: oral and oropharynx inflammation

Bromhexine

Anti-inflammatory Mode: Bronchial mucolytic Uses: acute and chronic bronchopulmonary disease side effects: GI disturbance Implementation: shd take with food

Acetylcystine

Anti-inflammatory drug Mode: Reduce viscosity 黏度 of secretion in respiratory tract Use: pneumonia (Hepatoxicity) Side: drowsiness, nausea Implementation: teach client unpleasant smell decrease by time using it

Prochlorperazine, metoclopramide

Nausea and vomiting drug Metoclopramide: gastric muscle contraction Antimuscarinic- nausea, vomit

Merislon (betahistine)

Vertigo drug

Panadol

Remove mild to moderate pain Side: hepatoxicity (Acetylcysteine)

Tramadol

Opioid drug( strong pain inhibitor) Bind to opioid receptor Use: for moderate to severe pain Side: drowsiness, nausea, constipation

Aspirin, brufen, indocid, ponsten, Feldene, Naprosyn

NSAIDMode: inhibit prostaglandins synthesis Side: GI bleeding, anemia Implementation: access history of peptic ulcer

Opioid analgesics

Opioid analgesics is a drug that cause prolong activation of mu-receptors Overdose: respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence

Codeine

Opioid analgesics Use: non productive cough Side: constipation, respiratory, depressin

Fentanyl

Opioid analgesics Mode: inhibit pain pathway in CNS side: bradycardia, cardiac arrest

Morphine, pethidine

Opioid analgesics

Methadone

Opioid analgesics Mode: depress pain transmission Uses: opiate withdrawal

Phenazopyridine

Opioid analgesics Mode: anesthetic action on urinary tract Uses: urinary tract irritation Side: orange red urine