Lesson 2 Drug Group

Question 1

Please name 3 drugs for Peptic ulcers

Answer 1

Antacids
Acid secretion reducer
Mucosal protectant

Question 2

Introduce antacids

Answer 2

Raise the pH value of stomach

Neutralize gastric acid to eliminate irritation to stomach

Increase rate of emptying
Side effects： constipation/ diarrheas
Implementation: 1hr before meal or between meal

Question 3

Mucaine’s action, uses, side effects and implementation

Answer 3

Mucaine: neutralize H+
Uses for chronic oesophagitis, peptic ulcer
Side effects: constipation and diarrheas
Implementation: 15min ac (before meal)

Question 4

AI/MG Hydroxide simethicone
Mode of action
Uses
Side effects
Implementation

Answer 4

Hydroxide helps neutralize H+
Simethicone helps in breaking up gas bubble in gut
Use: flatulence(胃氣）GERD GU/DU
Side： same
1hr ac or when eating, fully chew the tablet

Question 5

Magnesium trisilicate
Mode
Use
Side
Implementation

Answer 5

Magnesium Trisilicate
Mode： react with gastric content to form a gelatinous silicon dioxide to neutaliz gastric acid
Use: dyspepsia, gerd, heart burn
Side diarrhea
Implement: pc, shake well before use

Question 6

Sodium bicarbonate
Mode
Use
Side
Implementation

Answer 6

Sodium bicarbonate
Mode: orally neutralize gastric acid
uses: acidosis(酸中毒, Cardiac arrest
Side effects： alkalosis, cardiac arrest hyperreflexia
Implementation： 1-3hr pc, chew

Question 7

H2 blocker

Answer 7

H2 blocker used to relieve symptoms of acid reflux or GERD
Treat peptic or stomach ulcer
Stop gastric acid production (proton pump release acid)

Question 8

H2 receptos: Famotidine and ranitidine

Answer 8

Mode: inhibit histamine at h2 receptor site in gastric parietal cell, to inhibit gastric acid secretion
Uses: GU/DU
Side: headache, dizzy
Implementation: no

Question 9

Proton pump inhibitor

Answer 9

Ppi react with sulphydryl groups in proton pump to stop transporting h+ ion out of parietal hence stop hyper secretion of gastric acid

Question 10

Proton pump inhibitor- Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, Esomeprazole

Answer 10

Acid pump inhibitor, final step of acid production
Use: Gerd, esophagitis
Side: diarrhea, vomit, nausea
Implementation: ac

Question 11

Antidiarrheal drug

Answer 11

Provide symptomatic relief to moderate forms of acute diarrheas

Question 12

Adsorbents

Answer 12

Bind and inactivate bacterial toxin
Eg kaolin

Question 13

Antimotility (antidiarrhea drug)

Answer 13

Work by slowing down the bowel movement, increase water absorption to form stool

Question 14

Opioid and atropine

Answer 14

Eg diphenoxylate, codeine, activate μ‐receptors to inhibit acetylcholine release, decrease bowel motility

Atropine helps in dry up body fluid and slow gut movement

Question 15

Diphenoxylate atropine, kaolin, pectin mixture

Answer 15

Mode: inhibit gastric movement
Use: diarrhea
Side: constipation
Implementation: monitor electrolytes and in/output

Question 16

Antispasmodic drugs

Answer 16

Muscarinic antagonist reduce GI motility and reduce spasm related to irritable bowel syndrome

Question 17

Antispasmodic- Buscopan, holopon, motilium

Answer 17

Mode： antispasmolytic action on smooth muscle
Uses: for acute GI spasm
Side: dizziness
Implementation: motilium: empty stomach +ac
monitor pain score

Question 18

Laxatives（瀉藥）

Answer 18

Eliminating constipation that included abdominal discomfort, no appetide, insufficient frequency of defaecation.

Question 19

Angiolax, metamucil
What group
Mode
Uses
Side
Implementation

Answer 19

Laxatives
Mode：Bulk forming, glycoside increase the stimulation of forming semi-solid stool
Use：constipation
Side effects： flatulence, distension
Implemntation： take after evening meal, beifre breakfast if need

Question 20

Lactulose
What group
Mode
Uses
Side
Implementation

Answer 20

Group: laxatives
Mode: increase osmotic pressure
Prevent absorption of ammonia
Uses: constipation, encephalopathy( 腦病
Side： naisea, vomiting
Implementation： monitor electrolytes, ammonia level, blood glucose level

Question 21

Digestives

Answer 21

Usually tablets, containing vitamins and digestive enzymes

Question 22

Combizym

Answer 22

Digestive drug
Mode: enzyme preparation
Uses: enzyme deficiencies in GI tract
digestive disorder
GI disorder because of drug intolerance
Side: allergic
Implementation take with food or immediate pc

Question 23

Cholagogues, cholelitholytics, hepatic protectors

Answer 23

GI agents that stimulate the flow of bile into duodenum or stimulate the production of bile by liver

Question 24

Essentiale

Answer 24

Group: digestive drugs
Mode: maintain organ in normal structure and exchange of energy
Use: disorder in hepatic function
Side effects: allergic reactions
Implementation: take with food

Question 25

Haemorroid

Answer 25

Swollen vein in lowest part of rectum Wall of vein stretch so thinnn that easily be irritated

Question 26

Anusol

Answer 26

Mode: ease the buring sensation and reduce swelling of hemorrhoidal tissue Use: haemorrhoid Side effects: rash and mild irritation Implementation: apply to affected area at night and morning and after each defaecation

Question 27

Faktu

Answer 27

Mode: eliminate bleeding Use: haemorrhoid Side effects: Burning sensation and itchy Implementation: 2-3 times per day