L5 DM

Question 1

Type 1 DM

Answer 1

Attacking beta cell itself

Question 2

Type 2 DM

Answer 2

Strong genetic component eg: obese, hypertension, high blood cholesterol

Insulin resistance

More fat: insulin receptor less work

Question 3

Glibenclamide, Gliclazide

Answer 3

Oral hypoglycemic drug
Mode: stimulate insulin secretion by the pancrease
Use: type 2 diabetes mellitus
Side : hypoglycemia, temporary visual impairment
Implementation: take before main meal

Question 4

Biguanide (dm)

Answer 4

Dm drug that increase peripheral sensitivities to insulin
Suppressive hepatic glucose production

Question 5

Metformin

Answer 5

Biguanide (dm drug)
Mode: inhibit hepatic glucose production and increase sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin

Use: type 2 diabetes mellitus

Side: diarrhea, lactic acidosdis

Question 6

Alpha glucosidases inhibitors

Answer 6

Delay the digestion of starch and sucrose
Take with meal

Question 7

Acarbose

Answer 7

Alpha glucosidases inhibitor
Mode: delay the digestion of starch, results in smaller rise of blood glucose
Use: type 2 diabetes mellitus
Side: flatulence
Implementation: eat with first mouth of rice

Question 8

DPP4 inhibitors

Answer 8

Glucagon-like-peptide 1 is an hormone that secretes insulin, suppress glucagon secretions and delay of gastic emptying

DPP4 inhibitor used to prolong the effects of GLP1

Question 9

Sitagliptin

Answer 9

Ddp4 inhibitor
Mode: increase insulin secretion
Use: DM
Side: indigestion
Implementation take w/wo food

Question 10

Insulin

Answer 10

Short acting: 30min onset, peak 2-3hr, duration 3-6hrs
Intermediate acting: onset 2-4hr, peak 4-12, duration 12-18
Pre-mixed: <30min onset, peak 2-4hr, duration 18-24hr
Long acting: few hrs onset, no peak, last >24hrs