Lesson 11 Musuloskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Use of tendon

A

Muscle to bone connection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ligament function

A

Bone to bone, joint stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone function:

A

Protection of organ
Mobility and movement
Return of blood to heart
Production of blood cell
Reservoir for immature blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contusion 挫傷
s/s

A

Small blood vessel ruture— bruises
Black or purple
Last ard 48hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strain 拉傷
Injury to?
Three degree

A

Muscle or tendon pull or tear
Repeating movement

First degree strain:
Mild stretching
s/s: loss of loading strength
edema, tenderness, muscle spasm

Second degree strain:
Partial tearing
Loss of loading strength
Edema
Spasm
Ecchymosis( bruise)

Third degree
Loss tendon
Significant pain
Muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sprain 拗柴
Injury to?
Cause?
3 stages

A

Injury to ligament and tendons( less stable)
Cause: hyperextension

3 stages
First:
Minimum damage to ligament and tendon
Mild edema
Local tenderness
Paiin when joint movement

Second
Partial tearing of ligament
Increased edema, tenderness, pain with motiopn
Joint instability, partial loss of normal joint function

Third
Ligament is completely torn/ rupture
Avulsion( 撕脱)
severe pain, tenderness, edema, abnormal joint movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dislocation
Two position of dislocation?

A

Anterior, posterior dislocation
s/s
Acute pain
Change in position of joint
Shorten of extremity
Deformity
Decreased mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epicondylitis 網球手高爾夫球手
Cause?
Treatment

A

Cause of repeating movement of forearm
Minor tear in tendon
Chronic painful repeating action( extension, flexion…

Treatment: ice
Nsaid
Immobilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cruciate ligaments injury
Cause?
Treatment

A

ACL+PCL
Have pop sound
Significant of swelling of joint within 2hr
s/s
Pain
Joint instability
Pain when with weight

Treatment
RICE( rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Joint aspirations
Compression dressing
Arthroscopy關節內窺鏡 to repair the damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fracture
Definition

A

Disruption of a continuity of bone structure
Crushing force
Twisting motion
Extreme muscle contraction( seizure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type of fracture

A
  1. Complete fracture
  2. Inicomplete fracture
  3. Comminuted fracture
  4. Close/ simple fracture
  5. Open fracture

Obligue fracture斜上
Spiral fracture 螺旋

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical manifestation of fracture

A

Continuous and increasing pain
Loss of function
Shorten extremity
Local swelling
Crepitus— sound from fracture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Arthritis關節炎

A

Rheumatic arthritis類風濕關節炎
Affect joint& muscle bone ligament tendon
Monoarticular(單邊)polyarticular 雙邊
Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patho of rheumatic arthritis

A
  1. T cell B cell attack—) pain, fatigue
  2. Neutrophil accumulation in synovial fluid cell proliferation —) warmth, swelling, edema, decreased motion
  3. Early pannus invasion( 增生), degradation of cartilage—) increased pain or s/s
  4. Bone erosion( 蠶食) pannus invasion—) join stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical manifestations of rheumatic arthritis

A

Symmetric joint pain(對稱)
Swelling
Warmth
Erythema
Late stage: ulnar deviation—)手指傾向手指尾
Swan neck deformity—no pain

Fever weight loss
Anemia
Lymph node enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gout arthritis 痛風性關節炎 DIET DIET DIET
Cause

A

Male>Woman
Cause: age, BMI, alcohol consumption, hypertension
hyperuricemia (6.8+)
High purine

17
Q

Patho of gout

A

primary:
Macrophage in joint-) urate crystal
Macrophage bind with uric acid
Inflammation
More fat more severe
Seafood, shellfish, organ meat)

Secondary hyperuricemia
Genetic

18
Q

Manifestation of gout— stages

A

Stage1: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
stage2: Acute gouty arthritis
Stage3: repeating gout (intercritical)
Stage4: chronic gout( tophi痛風石)

At metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe

19
Q

Osteoarthritis 退化性關節炎
At where?
Patho
Manifestation

A

Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease
Resulting from previous inflammatory disease
At weight bearing joint( hip, knee)

Cartilage breakdown
Damage of bone—) form bone spur

Manifestation—)
pain
Stiffness ( less space)

20
Q

Osteoporosis meaning?
Usually where?

A

Degenrative disease
Reduced mass, decreased strength of bone
Spine, neck, femur( 大髀, palm)

21
Q

Osteomyelitis骨髓炎
Risk factors

A

Infection of bone
Extension if soft tissue infection

Risk factors
Chronic illness( diabetes

Manifestation
Pain=activity+-
Tiring
Swelling
Rised temperature

22
Q

Bone tumors

A

Benign tumor more common

Malignant ( hard to prognosis the type/ metastasis)

Metastasis( primary at kidney, prostate, lung, breast
入骨好痛!!

23
Q

Patho of bone tumor/ clinical manifestation

A

Tumor in bone cause normal bone cell react by osteolytic蝕骨/ ostepblast response

Manifestation: maybe no pain
Varying degree of mobility
Weight loss

24
Q

Integumentary clinical manifestation / mechanism

A

Itchy
Cause: infestation by parasites
Hypersensitivity related ot hsitamine
Scratching increase the inflammation

Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth

Koilonychia
Iron deficit

25
Q

Common skin lesion
1-8

A

Macule- flat, black, circumscribed
Nodule- firm, raise, deep
Papule- small, firm, raised
Pustule- raised, have head& pus
Vesicule- raised, thin skin, have water
Plaque- slight raised, flat, scald surface
Ulcer- deep hole of tissue
Fissure- crack in tissue

26
Q

Contact dermatitis
Cause
What allergen?

A

Cause by exposure to allergen by direct irritation
Allergen: metal, soap, chemical, plants, cosmetics

27
Q

Urticaria 風爛
Cause

A

Type1 immune
Ingested food related
Releasing of histamine
Raised lesion on skin
Very itchy

28
Q

Atopic dermatitis( eczema)

A

Inherited( 遺傳)
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Most, rash, crest
At arms, leg, face
Adult usually atantecubital area手踭摺位
Thick and leathery skin

29
Q

Psoriasis 牛皮癬

A

Type 1
Chronic
Excessive proliferation of skin
Silvery plaque formd

30
Q

Skin infection(會傳染

A

Bacteria infections
E.g. acne, abscesses

Cellulitis
Infection of dermis-subcutaneous tissue
STAPHYLOCOCCUS, STREPTOCOCCUS
Occurs in lower trunk or lengs
—) who have immunocompromised 失去免疫力
Treatment— antibiotic

Skin infectionsher
Herpes simplex (cold sores) l
3 types: cold sore
On lips, cold sores

genital herpes

Herpez zoster shingles

31
Q

Continue skin tumors

A

Keratoses角化病
Oval like, smooth or rough

Actinic keratoses
Expose to uv light
May develop to squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma
Mechanism
Risk factors

A

Painless, malignant tumor on epidermis
Excelletn prognosis
Risk factors: sun exposure, smoking

33
Q

Malignant melanoma黑色素瘤

A

Much serious form of melanocyte
Griw quickly, deeply to tissue, lumph node—) other organ

34
Q

Kaposi sarcoma ( related to aids)

A

Skin cancer related to HIV
Malignant cell