Lesson 11 Musuloskeletal Flashcards
Use of tendon
Muscle to bone connection
Ligament function
Bone to bone, joint stability
Bone function:
Protection of organ
Mobility and movement
Return of blood to heart
Production of blood cell
Reservoir for immature blood cell
Contusion 挫傷
s/s
Small blood vessel ruture— bruises
Black or purple
Last ard 48hr
Strain 拉傷
Injury to?
Three degree
Muscle or tendon pull or tear
Repeating movement
First degree strain:
Mild stretching
s/s: loss of loading strength
edema, tenderness, muscle spasm
Second degree strain:
Partial tearing
Loss of loading strength
Edema
Spasm
Ecchymosis( bruise)
Third degree
Loss tendon
Significant pain
Muscle spasm
Sprain 拗柴
Injury to？
Cause?
3 stages
Injury to ligament and tendons( less stable)
Cause: hyperextension
3 stages
First:
Minimum damage to ligament and tendon
Mild edema
Local tenderness
Paiin when joint movement
Second
Partial tearing of ligament
Increased edema, tenderness, pain with motiopn
Joint instability, partial loss of normal joint function
Third
Ligament is completely torn/ rupture
Avulsion( 撕脱）
severe pain, tenderness, edema, abnormal joint movement
Dislocation
Two position of dislocation？
Anterior, posterior dislocation
s/s
Acute pain
Change in position of joint
Shorten of extremity
Deformity
Decreased mobility
Epicondylitis 網球手高爾夫球手
Cause?
Treatment
Cause of repeating movement of forearm
Minor tear in tendon
Chronic painful repeating action( extension, flexion…
Treatment: ice
Nsaid
Immobilized
Cruciate ligaments injury
Cause?
Treatment
ACL+PCL
Have pop sound
Significant of swelling of joint within 2hr
s/s
Pain
Joint instability
Pain when with weight
Treatment
RICE( rest, ice, compression, elevation)
Joint aspirations
Compression dressing
Arthroscopy關節內窺鏡 to repair the damage
Fracture
Definition
Disruption of a continuity of bone structure
Crushing force
Twisting motion
Extreme muscle contraction( seizure)
Type of fracture
- Complete fracture
- Inicomplete fracture
- Comminuted fracture
- Close/ simple fracture
- Open fracture
Obligue fracture斜上
Spiral fracture 螺旋
Clinical manifestation of fracture
Continuous and increasing pain
Loss of function
Shorten extremity
Local swelling
Crepitus— sound from fracture site
What is Arthritis關節炎
Rheumatic arthritis類風濕關節炎
Affect joint& muscle bone ligament tendon
Monoarticular(單邊）polyarticular 雙邊
Inflammation
Patho of rheumatic arthritis
- T cell B cell attack—) pain, fatigue
- Neutrophil accumulation in synovial fluid cell proliferation —) warmth, swelling, edema, decreased motion
- Early pannus invasion( 增生）, degradation of cartilage—) increased pain or s/s
- Bone erosion( 蠶食） pannus invasion—) join stability
Clinical manifestations of rheumatic arthritis
Symmetric joint pain(對稱）
Swelling
Warmth
Erythema
Late stage: ulnar deviation—)手指傾向手指尾
Swan neck deformity—no pain
Fever weight loss
Anemia
Lymph node enlargement
Gout arthritis 痛風性關節炎 DIET DIET DIET
Cause
Male>Woman
Cause: age, BMI, alcohol consumption, hypertension
hyperuricemia (6.8+)
High purine
Patho of gout
primary:
Macrophage in joint-) urate crystal
Macrophage bind with uric acid
Inflammation
More fat more severe
Seafood, shellfish, organ meat)
Secondary hyperuricemia
Genetic
Manifestation of gout— stages
Stage1: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
stage2: Acute gouty arthritis
Stage3: repeating gout (intercritical)
Stage4: chronic gout( tophi痛風石）
At metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe
Osteoarthritis 退化性關節炎
At where?
Patho
Manifestation
Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease
Resulting from previous inflammatory disease
At weight bearing joint( hip, knee)
Cartilage breakdown
Damage of bone—) form bone spur
Manifestation—)
pain
Stiffness ( less space)
Osteoporosis meaning?
Usually where?
Degenrative disease
Reduced mass, decreased strength of bone
Spine, neck, femur( 大髀, palm)
Osteomyelitis骨髓炎
Risk factors
Infection of bone
Extension if soft tissue infection
Risk factors
Chronic illness( diabetes
Manifestation
Pain=activity+-
Tiring
Swelling
Rised temperature
Bone tumors
Benign tumor more common
Malignant ( hard to prognosis the type/ metastasis)
Metastasis( primary at kidney, prostate, lung, breast
入骨好痛！！
Patho of bone tumor/ clinical manifestation
Tumor in bone cause normal bone cell react by osteolytic蝕骨/ ostepblast response
Manifestation: maybe no pain
Varying degree of mobility
Weight loss
Integumentary clinical manifestation / mechanism
Itchy
Cause: infestation by parasites
Hypersensitivity related ot hsitamine
Scratching increase the inflammation
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth
Koilonychia
Iron deficit
