L5 Neuro Flashcards
Parkinson’s disease
Cause of greatly reduced dopamine
Need dopamine but not directly as dopamine do not pass brain
Levodopa pass thru brain
Add carbidopa to fill the blood stream
Antimuscarinic drug helps in early stage symptoms (tremor)
Benztropine
Pakinson’s drug
Mode: block acetylcholine
Use: pakinson
Side: dryness of mouth, constipation, nausea and vomiting
Implementation: with meal or pc
Levodopa+Benserazide
Pakinson drug
Mode: inhibit metabolic of Levodopa and raise the level of dopamine
Use: pakinson
Side: anorexia, nausea, vomittin
Implementation: empty stomach
Carbidopa+levodopa
Pakinson’s drug
Mode: More periphery by carbidopa is inhibited, more levodopa can transport to brain
Use: Pakinsons’s
Side: orthostatic hypotension
Neuromuscular disorder drug
Anticholinesterase drug
Anticholinsterase drug can increase neuromuscular transmission to inhibit acetylcholine.
Pyridostigmine
Neuromuscular drug
Mode: Inhibit destruction of acetylcholine
Use: myasthenia gravis
Side: vomit, diarrhea, increase salivary and gastric secretion
Atracurium
Neuromuscular drug
Mode: anti-acetylcholine
Use: relax muscle
Side: hypotension, bronchospasm
Implementation: monitor vital sign
Suxamethonium
Neuromuscular drug
Inhibit transmission of nerve impulse by binding to cholinergic receptors. Antagonizing acetylcholine
Use: relaxation of muscle
Side: respiratory depression
Implementation: check vital signs
Sedation （neurology)
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, amnesic 斷片）enhance GABA: relax, sleep
Drug: Diazepam, midazolam
Mode: potential GABA
Use: depression, muscle relaxation, depression
Side: diazopam-) drowsiness midazolam-) weakness
Implementation: monitor vital sign
Epilepsy and convulsion
Epilepsy: abnormal discharge of the cerebral neuron
Solution 1-3
1. Enhance GABA
2.Inhibit calcium channel
3.Inhibit sodium channel
1.valproate 多少都得
2.Phenytoin 少少
3.Carbamazepine
4.Gabapentin (neuropathic pain)
Antipsychotic-) Schizophrenia思覺失調
Bind dopamine d2 receptors
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, haloperidol
Mode：Block d2 receptors
Use: schizophrenia, anxiety
Side: postural hypotension, anorexia, constipation
Haloperidol: drowsiness
Depression
Disturbance of mood, alternation in behaviour, energy, appetite, sleep and weight
Drug are aimed to block serotonin
Depression drug
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Depression
Citalopram, sertraline, trazodone, praoxetine
Trazodone
Mode: blocking histamine and alpha 1 receptors
Use : depression, decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression
Side: nausea, drowsiness, dry throat, change in weight, headache, stuffy nose
