Lesson 3

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity (sup, inf, anter, post, laterally)

Answer 1

S- diaphragm
I - Pelvis brim (linea terminalis)
A- Umbilicus, skin, muscles 
P- vetebrae and posterior muscles
L- skin and muscles

Question 2

Describe the 5 sections of the spine and how many vertebrae are in each

Answer 2

Cervical 1-7 
Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5 
Sacrum 5 fused segments 
Coccyx

Question 3

How does the diaphragm extend and to what intercostal space?

Answer 3

Extends superiorly under the rib cage and to the level of the 5th intercostal space

Question 4

Describe the extension of the crus of the diaphragm and where it extends to.

Answer 4

Extends down to the upper lumbar vertebrae bilaterally

Question 5

Describe the three structures that pass through the diaphragm and at what vertebral level they pass. Also say their anterior/ posterior position

Answer 5

Aorta (aorta hiatus), T12, most posterior, most inferior.

IVC (cava hiatus), T8, most anterior, most superior.

Esophagus (esophageal hiatus), T10, middle of other two in both directions

Question 6

Describe the pelvic brim and it’s scientific name and what it decides

Answer 6

Linea terminalis

Line from sacral promontory following around arcuate line to symphysis pubis

Division between abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 7

The abdomen has no _____________

Answer 7

Bony reinforcements or protection

Question 8

The anterolateral abdominal wall consists entirely of how many paired muscles

Answer 8

4

Question 9

____________ envelopes the abdominal muscles

Answer 9

Fascia

Question 10

The posterior abdominal wall consists of ________ ________ _______ as well as how many muscle groups?

Answer 10

Lumbar spine bodies and 2 muscle groups

Question 11

What are the 2 muscle groups in the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 11

Papas major and quadratics lumborum muscles

Question 12

Name 3 organs in the R hypochondriacs reg

Answer 12

Liver
Gall bladder
Right kidney

Question 13

Name 4 organs in the L hypochondriac reg

Answer 13

Stomach
Liver (tip)
Left kidney
Spleen

Question 14

Name 4 organs in the Epigastric

Answer 14

Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Right and left kidneys

Question 15

Name 4 organs in the R lumbar

Answer 15

Liver (tip)
Small intestines
Ascending colon
R. Kidney

Question 16

Name 4 organs in the umbilical region

Answer 16

Stomach, pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon

Question 17

Name 3 organs in the L lumbar

Answer 17

Small intestines
Descending colon
Left kidney

Question 18

Name 4 organs in the right illiac

Answer 18

Small intestines
Appendix
Caecum
ascending colon

Question 19

Name 3 organs in the hypo gastric

Answer 19

Small intestines
Bladder
Sigmoid colon

Question 20

Name 4 organs in the L iliac region

Answer 20

Small intestines
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 21

Where is the mid ingual point and what runs through it

Answer 21

Halfway between the pubis symphysis and anterior superior illiac spine

Femoral artery runs through

Question 22

What does osseous mean

Answer 22

Bony

Question 23

What is the one true osseous component of the abdomen and the 2 contributing factors but not really part

Answer 23

Lumbar vertebrae

Ribs and pelvis contribute

Question 24

What is aponeurosis and what do they do

Answer 24

Layer of flat broad tends

joins muscles and body parts that the muscles act upon.

Question 25

Where is aponeurosis thickest and what are 3 other regions it can be found

Answer 25

Ventral abdominal region (thickest), dorsal lumbar region, palmar and plantar

Question 26

What muscle ligament forms the ingual ligament

Answer 26

The inferior margin of the external oblique ligament

Question 27

Name the 7 core muscles

Answer 27

``` External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominus Rectus abdominus Psoas major Quadratics lumborum Erector spinae ```

Question 28

Name the 3 lateral muscles from deep to superficial

Answer 28

Transverse, internal and external

Question 29

Where does the external oblique originate and what 3 places does it insert. What does it move and in what direction

Answer 29

Originates from ribs Inserts on anterior side of rectus abdominus aponerosis, iliac crest and public tubercle. Pulls the hips up and out

Question 30

How does the external oblique extend?

Answer 30

Downward and medially

Question 31

Where does the transverse abdominus muscle originate (4) and insert

Answer 31

Originates from costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest and lateral half of ingual ligament Inserts on the aponeurosis of the posterior rectus sheath (Pulls medial and inferior)

Question 32

Fibers of the transverse abdominus run _______

Answer 32

Transverse

Question 33

Where does the internal oblique muscle originate and insert (3)

Answer 33

Originates from the Iliac crest to the inferior borders of the ribs inserts to the aponeurosis on the lateral portion of rectus abdominus muscle, the pubic crest and ribs 10-12

Question 34

The internal oblique is _____ to the external oblique

Answer 34

Perpendicular

Question 35

The internal oblique extend _______ and _______

Answer 35

Upwards and medially

Question 36

Describe the location of the rectus abdominus

Answer 36

Anteriorly on each side of the central linea alba

Question 37

The rectus abdominus extends from _________ to the __________

Answer 37

Xiphoid processs of the sternum to the symphysis pubis

Question 38

The rectus abdominus is enclosed by

Answer 38

A sheath of the aponeurosis also holding the 3 lateral muscles

Question 39

What and where is the linea alba`

Answer 39

A fibrous structure running down the midline from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Question 40

Linea alba means what? is made of what ? and is formed by what?

Answer 40

Line white line Collagen connective tissue AND FROMED BY THE APONEUROSES OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

Question 41

Where does the psoas major muscle originate(1) and insert (1)

Answer 41

Originates on the intervertebral discs and transverse processes of T12-L5 Inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 42

In a transvers section, the psoas muscle appear as -

Answer 42

Large muscular masses adjacent to the lumbar vertebral bodies

Question 43

Describe the appearance of the Quadratus Lumborum muscles

Answer 43

Thick muscular sheet

Question 44

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate (2) and insert (1)

Answer 44

Origin is the illiac crest and transverse processes of L1-L4 Inserts on inferior border of the 12th rib

Question 45

In transverse section the QL appears ______ to the psoas muscle

Answer 45

Lateral and posterior to the psoas major muscles