Head Flashcards
What are the most usefull visualizations of the brain and why
Ct and MRI
Bone obscures US
_____ brain is seen well on US because ____
Fetal
Thinner bone structure
Vasculature structures of the circle of willis can be assessed on ________ in adults
Transcranial doppler (TCD)
Layers of the SCALP
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Periosteum
The connective tissue of the scalp is made of _______ that holds ________ (2)
Subcutanrous fat and fibrous tissue that holds nerves and vessels
The aponeurosis of the scalp is made of
Dense fibrous tissue
Loose areolar tissue of the scalp contains ______ and allows _____-
Collagen and allows upper layers to move around
The Dura mater is ________ pierced only by ______ (3)
Tough outer layer pierced only by cranial nerves, carotid vessels and vertebral vessels
2 layers of the dura mater
Endosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Arachnoid mater is _________
What flow through this layer________
Arachnoid villi protrude into ______________
Thin delicate middle layer
Vessels flow through this layer
Arachnoid villi protrude into dural venous sinuses (CSF reabsorption)
Pia mater is ________ and is continuous with ________
Innermost thin vascular layer continuous with contours of the brain
Falx cerebri
Portion of dura that divide down into between the 2 hemispheres
6 types of cranial bones, which have pairs?
Ethmoid Sphenoid Frontal Occipital Temporal (paired) Parietal (paired)
Gyrus
Outpouching part of brain tissue (mountain)
Sulcus
Portion that is recessed in (valley)
Central sulcus
Large coronal sulcus dividing frontal and parietal lobe
Sylvian fissure
Paired
Fissure on lateral aspect dividing temporal lobe below from frontal and parietal lobes above
Sylvian fissure ends in the
Insula
LOOK AT GRAPH FOR FACIAL
But types of facial bones with whether paired or not
Mandible (1) Maxillae (2) Lacrimal (2) Vomer (1) Palatine (2) Inferior nasal conchae(2) Zygomatic (2) Nasal (2)
Fontanelles are
Junctions of the skull sutures that have not yet ossified
Fontanelles are usually ossified by
18 months
4 regions of the brain
Cerebral hemisphere
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Deincephalon breakdown
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Brainstem breakdown
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What sits in the cella
Pituitary gland
Corpus callosum is the
Largest fiber pathway in brain linking left and right cerebral hemispheres
4 parts of the corposum callosum
Rostrum
Genu
Isthmus (body)
Splenium
The corpus callosum forms what borders around the lateral ventricles
Anterior, superior and posterior
What are the ventricles of the brains
What are they filled with
Where are they located
Are a comunicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid and located within the brain parenchyma
What is the ventricular system composed of?
2 lateral ventricles, the 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct and 4th ventricle
What is located within the ventricles? What does it produce?
Choroid plexus’
Produce csf
Csf fills the _____ and _______ following a cycle of constant ______ and _______
Ventricles and subarachnoid space
Production and reabsorption
The interventricular foramen is also called
Formen of munroe
Aqueduct of midbrain is also called
Aqueduct of sylvius
What is between the thalamus
3rd ventricle
Basal ganglia is clusters of ________ located lateral to the _______
Grey matter
Diencephalon
The basal ganglia is seperated from the diencephalon by the ________
Internal capsule (area of white matter)
Parts of the basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Claustrum Amygdala
The 5th lobe of the brain is the
Insula
Fontanelles names (5)
Anterior
Posterior
Sphenoid / temporal
Mastoid
