Lesson 2 Flashcards
Translate “the brother” into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: ὁ ἀδελφός
Accusative: τὸν ἀδελφόν
Genitive: τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ
Dative: τῷ ἀδελφῷ
( O-group, masculine noun)
Translate “the brothers” (plural) into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: οἱ ἀδελφοί
Accusative: τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς
Genitive: τῶν ἀδελφῶν
Dative: τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς
( O-group, masculine noun)
Translate “the book” into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: τὸ βιβλίον
Accusative: τὸ βιβλίον
Genitive: τοῦ βιβλὶου
Dative: τῷ βιβλίῳ
(These are O-group, neuter endings. Notice that the nominative and accusative are the same? They’re always the same for neuter nouns.)
Translate “the books” (plural) into each of the four cases.
Nominative: τὰ βιβλία
Accusative: τὰ βιβλία
Genitive: τῶν βιβλίων
Dative: τοῖς βιβλίοις
(These are O-group, neuter endings. Notice that the nominative and accusative are the same? They’re always the same for neuter nouns.)
Translate “the brother” or “the brothers” into Greek.
They love the brothers.
τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς
Translate “the brother” or “the brothers” into Greek.
They love the brothers’ horses.
τῶν ἀδελφῶν
Translate “the brother” or “the brothers” into Greek.
Give the brother your letter.
τῷ ἀδελφῷ
Translate “the brother” or “the brothers” into Greek.
Brothers should be friends.
οἱ ἀδελφοί
Translate “the brother” or “the brothers” into Greek.
I do this for the brothers.
τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς
Translate “the book” or “the books” into Greek.
I don’t know the name of the book.
τοῦ βιβλὶου
Translate “the book” or “the books” into Greek.
The books are here.
τὰ βιβλία
Translate “book” or “books” into Greek.
A poet loves books.
βιβλία
Translate “book” or “books” into Greek.
He is reading (a) book.
τὸ βιβλίον
Translate “book” or “books” into Greek.
Do you see (any) books?
βιβλία
Translate the following:
ὁ ἰατρός μου φιλεῖ ἀναγιγνώσκειν τὰ βιβλία.
My doctor loves to read books.
Translate the following:
καὶ ἐν τῖς βιβλίοις εἰσι μῦθοι.
And in the books, there are stories.
Translate the following:
ὁ ἰατρὸς λέγει μύθους τοῖς άνθρώποις.
The doctor tells stories to the people.
Translate the following:
οἱ ἄνθρωποι φιλοῦσι καὶ τόν ἰατρὸν καὶ τοὺς μύθους αὐτοῦ.
The people love both the doctor and his stories.
Translate the following:
καὶ λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι ὄτι οἱ μῦθοι τοῦ ἰατροῦ ἀληθῶς τὰ φὰρμακα αὐτοῦ εἰσιν.
And the people say that the stories of the doctor are truly his medicines.
Normally, a singular subject takes a singular verb, a plural subject a plural verb. What is the exception to this rule?
It is the convention in ancient Greek that a neuter plural subject takes a singular verb.
τὰ βιβλία ἐστὶν ἐνταῦθα. The books are here. (Literally, The books is here.)
Translate the following:
τὰ βιβλία ἐστὶν ἀγαθἀ.
The books are good.
Translate the following:
οἱ ἄνθροποι εἰσιν ἀγαθοί.
The people are good.
Translate the following:
τὰ μικρὰ ποιήματα χαλεπά ἐστιν.
The small poems are difficult.
Translate the following:
The poems are difficult.
τὰ ποιήματα χαλεπά ἐστιν.
Translate the following:
The books are small.
τὰ βιβλία μικρά ἐστιν.
Translate the following:
The difficult books are good.
τὰ χαλεπὰ βιβλία ἀγαθά ἐστιν.
The Greek article corresponds, though not exactly, to our English “the.” Its main use is to identify a particular one or ones: ὁ μῦθος - the story oἱ μῦθοι - the stories
Give the full declension for the masculine article.
ὁ
τὸν
τοῦ
τῷ
οἱ
τοῦς
τῶν
τοῖς
Give the full declension for the feminine article.
ἠ
τὴν
τῆς
τῇ
αἱ
τὰς
τῶν
ταῖς
Give the full declension for the neuter article.
τὸ
τὸ
τοῦ
τῷ
τὰ
τὰ
τῶν
τοῖς
What are the four uses for the Greek article?
1) to identify a particular one or ones: ἡ φωνὴ - the voice
2) with a possessive, understood or expressed
ὁρῶ τὴν χεῖρα σου. I see your hand.
δός μοι τὴν χεῖρα. Give me your hand.
3) With abstracts and general classes:
τῖ ἐστιν ἡ εὐδαιμονὶα; What is happiness?
οἱ ἰατροί εἰσι κακοί. Doctors are bad.
4) with proper names:
τὸν Σωκράτην γιγνώσκω. I know Socrates.
Translate the following:
τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου Φίλιππός ἐστιν.
My brother’s name is Phillip.
Translate the following:
φιλῶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀλλὰ οὐ φιλῶ τὴν χελώνην αὐτοῦ.
Ι love my brother, but I don’t like his turtle.
Translate the following:
λὲγω τῳ Φιλίππῳ ὅτι αἱ χελῶναι οὐκ ἔχουσι φωνὴν διότι οὐκ ἔχουσι γλῶτταν.
Ι tell Phillip that turtles don’t have a voice because they don’t have a tongue.
Translate the following:
δὐο δακτύλοις
with two fingers
Notice that δακτύλοις is in the dative. This is called “dative of instrument.” You can just remember that “with” is a word which can be used with the dative.
What does τε καί mean?
τε is a signal that there will be a linking. We have seen καί Α καί Β = both A and B. A τε καί Β works the same way only with less emphasis. It seems less heavy, more elegant. τε is postpositive. If τε is joining two nouns, it can follow either the noun + article combination or the article alone. It is possible to say either
τῷ τε πρότῳ καί τῷ δεθτέρῳ δακτύλῳ
OR
τῷ πρότῳ τε καί τῷ δεθτέρῳ δακτύλῳ
Translate the following:
ἡμέρᾳ τινί
one day, on a certain day
What is the participle form of ἀκοὐω? How is it translated?
ἀκοὐων
Drop -ω from the end of any verb of the ἀκούω pattern, add -ων, and you have a participle. Translate with -ing.
ἀκοὐων τοῦτο ἔρχεται. Hearing this, he comes.
Translate the following:
δακρὐων ἔρχεται
Weeping, he comes.
