Lesson 1 Flashcards
Name the 4 Greek noun cases.
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Give the main uses of each of the four Greek noun cases.
Nominative: subject of verb
Accusative: direct object of verb
Genitive: possessive
Dative: indirect object of verb
Give a rough translation of “the sister” in each of the Greek noun cases.
Nominative: “the sister” (subject)
Accusative: “the sister” (direct object)
Genitive: “of the sister”
Dative: “to/for/with the sister”
Translate “the sister” into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: ἡ ἀδελφή
Accusative: τὴν ἀδελφήν
Genitive: τῆς ἀδελφῆς
Dative: τῇ ἀδελφῇ
Translate “the sisters” (plural) into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: αἱ ἀδελφαί
Accusative: τὰς ἀδελφάς
Genitive: τῶν ἀδελφῶν
Dative: ταῖς ἀδελφαῖς
Translate “the tongue” into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: ἡ γλῶττα
Accusative: τὴν γλῶτταν
Genitive: τῆς γλῶττης
Dative: τῇ γλῶττῃ
Translate “the tongues” (plural) into each of the four noun cases.
Nominative: αἱ γλῶτται
Accusative: τὰς γλῶττας
Genitive: τῶν γλωττῶν
Dative: ταῖς γλῶτταις
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
I see the sisters’ house.
genitive
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
I give the sisters food.
dative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
I send a letter to the sisters.
dative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
The sister is coming.
nominative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
The sisters are laughing.
nominative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
I see the sisters.
accusative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
The house of the sisters is big.
genitive
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
Do you see the sisters?
accusative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
The sister’s turtle is sick.
genitive
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
The turtle of the sister is sick.
genitive
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
They like the sister.
accusative
Name the noun case which would be uses for “the sister” or “the sisters” in the following sentence:
I send the sister a letter.
dative
Translate the following sentence:
τὸ ὄωομα τὴς ἀδελφῆς μου Νὶκη ἐστιν.
My sister’s name is Victoria.
Translate the following sentence:
τὴν ἀδελφὴν φιλῶ καὶ δίδωμι αὐτῇ χελὼνας.
I love my sister and I give turtles to her.
Translate the following sentence:
τὰς χελὼνας τῆς Νίκης οὐ φιλῶ.
I do not love Victoria’s turtles.
Translate the following sentence:
λέγω τῇ Νίκῃ ὅτι φωνὴν οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ χελῶναι αὐτῆς διότι γλῶτταν οὐκ ἔχουσιν.
I say to Victoria that they don’t have a voice because they don’t have a tongue.
Translate:
ἄνθρωπός τις
a certain person, a certain man
Notice how accented τίς at the beginning of a sentence asks a question. But unaccented τις coming after a word makes that word indefinite.
ἄνθρωπός = a man
ἄνθρωπός τις = some man, a certain man
What is a postpositive?
Some Greek words, including δέ, οὖν, and γάρ, must come second rather than first in their sentence. They are called postpositive, which means “put after.”
Unless a sentence begins a wholly new unit of thought, it will be connected to the previous sentence by some __________, or linking word. (English easily omits linking words.)
Name 5 linking words and their equivalents in English.
conjunctions
δέ - This is the briefest all-purpose linking word – and or but, but whatever the context needs. It is the most common word for linking sentences. (postpositive)
καί - (and) This word links equivalents.
ἀλλά - (but), This word links equivalents in an oppositional way: A. But B. This shows that B is not what one would expect given A.
οὖν - (therefore) makes an inference. A. So B. (postpositive)
γάρ - (for) gives the reason for the preceding statement (postpositive)
Note that the English word “for” has two different uses: A. as a preposition: It is hard for me, with the phrase “for me” equivalent to a Greek dative, and B. as a conjunction: I took the food. For I was hungry. γάρ is used as a conjunction only.
Translate the following:
ἐπιστολή ἐστι τῇ ἀδελφῇ.
This literally translates: A letter is to the sister. (Notice that τῇ ἀδελφῇ is in the dative.)
In English, we would say: The sister has a letter.
Translate the following:
ἐπιστολή ἐστί μοι.
This literally translates: A letter is to me. (Notice that μοι is dative.)
In English, we would say: I have a letter.
Translate the following:
ἐπιστολή οὐκ ἔστι μοι
This literally translates: A letter is not to me. (Notice μοι is dative.)
In English, we would say: I don’t have a letter.
Our word “time” combines a number of concepts that were separate for the Greeks. Name 5 Greek words for “time” and their English equivalents.
χρόνος - clock time σχολή - free time καιρός - right time, opportune moment ὥρα - season αἰών - lifetime or eternity
If αὐτῇ means “to her,” what must αὐταῖς mean?
to them (female “them”)
